1. Ancient Roman Architecture Architecture I Fairport High School Technology Department

2. The Roman Empire: 509BC to 330AD The art of many different peoples and classes, from emperors to slaves. The architecture of the Romans was, from first to last, an art of shaping space around ritual. In other words, Ancient Roman architecture was regulated by their custom of a system of rites.

3. Roman Architecture theaters, baths, roads, basilicas, bridges, monuments, fountains Development of the: arch, vault, dome Roads Aqueducts The Coliseum The Pantheon The Trevi Fountain

4. The Coliseum The Pantheon The Dome at St. Peter’s Cathedral Roman Road at Herculaneum

5. Roman Roads The engineers of Rome built an unparalleled network of roads Approximately 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of roads The old saying "all roads lead to Rome“ Rome was the hub of commerce, trade, politics, culture and military might in the Mediterranean, and the grand achievement of her road network all led directly to the city and back out to her many territories.

6. Roman Roads One could start traveling on a Roman road in northwest Africa, travel around the entire Mediterranean sea, end up in Rome and never have left a Roman road.

7. Roman Aqueducts Among the greatest achievements in the ancient world The 11 separate aqueducts supplied the city of Rome and were built over a span of 500 years. The running water, indoor plumbing and sewer system carrying away disease from the population within the Empire wasn't surpassed in capability until very modern times. The entire system relied upon various gradients and the use of gravity to maintain a continuous flow Without the aqueducts it would've been impossible to maintain the flow of water at the proper grades required.

8. Roman Aqueducts When water reached Rome it flowed into enormous cisterns (castella) maintained on the highest ground. These large reservoirs held the water supply for the city and were connected to a vast network of lead pipes.

9. Roman Colosseum The Colosseum (the Flavian Amphitheater) one of Rome's most famous buildings and enduring monuments to the culture of the ancient Romans.

10. Roman Colosseum Construction was initiated by the Emperor Vespasian around 72 AD. His son Titus reigned over its completion and the official opening ceremonies Time to build: 8 years later (80 AD.)

11. RomanColosseum Roman Colosseum The huge theater was originally built encompassing four floors. The first three had arched entrances, while the fourth floor utilized rectangular doorways. The floors each measured between 10,5-13,9 meters (32-42 feet) in height. The total height of the construction was approximately 48 meters (144 feet). The arena measured 79 x 45 meters (237-135 feet), and consisted of wood and sand. The word "arena" is derived from the Latin arena, which means "sand." Nets along the sides protected the audience.

12. RomanColosseum Roman Colosseum The audience, upon entering, climbed sloping ramps to their seats, according to gender and social class. Obviously, the higher one's social status, the better their seating arrangement would be. For example, women (excepting spouses and perhaps imperial family) and the poor, stood or sat on wooden benches in the fourth tier. For inclement or very hot weather conditions, an enormous, colored awning (velarium) could be stretched overhead to protect the crowd.

13. ThePantheon The Pantheon The Pantheon is one of the great spiritual buildings of the world. It was built as a Roman temple and later consecrated as a Catholic Church. Its monumental porch originally faced a rectangular colonnaded temple courtyard and now fronts the smaller Piazza della Rotonda. Through great bronze doors, one enters one great circular room. The interior volume is a cylinder above which rises the hemispherical dome.

14. The Pantheon The portico consists of three rows of eight columns, 14 m (46 feet) high of Egyptian granite with Corinthian capitals. They support an entablature facing the square, which bears the famous inscription in Latin, attributing the construction to Agrippa, although the temple was rebuilt later by Hadrian.

15. The Pantheon The dome has a span of 43.3 m (143 feet) A whole sphere can be inscribed in the interior volume with the diameter at the floor of the cylinder of 43.3 m (143 feet) equaling the interior height.

16. St. Peter’s Cathedral Architect: Giacomo della Porta LocationVatican City (surrounded by Rome) Date:1546 to 1564 and1590 Building Type: church Style: Italian Renaissance

18. The architectural technique of the arch is a trademark of Ancient Rome. The Romans applied the arch to many of their buildings for two reasons: as a support and for decoration. Two of the first structures to carry arches are bridges and aqueducts. Triumphal arches were later constructed to honor their leaders, and vaults came into practice, which are arched roofs.

19. Although not the only empire to practice the architectural legacy of the column The columns were utilized as a support and decoration. The Ancient Romans came up with five different types of columns:Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. Most of these, however, were adopted from Greek columns.