1. THE PANTHEON
128 AD
Rome, italy \

2. Sketch: Exterior

3. Sketch: Interior

4. HISTORY PAN – all, THEON – of the gods 27 AD – General Marcus Agrippa
Son-in-law of Emperor Augustus
Rectangular structure in center of the city
80 AD – damaged by fire
80 AD – rebuilt under Emperor Domitian
110 AD – struck by lightning and burned down

5. HISTORY 118 – 128 AD – rebuilt under Emperor Hadrian
Rotunda walls, dome each took 4-5 years
“Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it.”
609 AD – Given to Popes by Emperor Phocas

6. FORM Corinthian columns Rotunda (round room with dome)
60 tons each
Dragged, floated, and rolled all the way from Egypt
Rotunda (round room with dome)
Still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome
Perfect sphere (the height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 meters)
Sources of light – oculus and entry door
Concrete
Lighter concrete on upper levels reduces weight
Hidden chambers within the rotunda form a honeycomb structure – also reduces weight

7. FORM

8. FORM

9. FUNCTION Created in honor of Emperor Augustus Religious temple
Worship
Sacrifices
7 Roman gods
Sun, Moon, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars
7 niches in wall where the statues were placed
Converted to Catholic Church in 609 AD
Took excellent care of the building -- one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings

10. FUNCTION Renaissance Today Tomb for people in the arts
Used as a Catholic Church
Holds mass daily
Tourist attraction

11. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Portico (rectangular porch with columns)
Pantheon
Parthenon

12. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Corinthian Columns
Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens)
Pantheon

13. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Decorated frieze and pediment
Parthenon
Temple of Hephaestus (Athens)
Pantheon

14. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Symmetric balance on both sides
Parthenon
Pantheon

15. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Based on a circle giving it the dome shape

16. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Varying weight of concrete allowed vaulted domed roof

17. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Focus on interior space

18. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Oculus in the ceiling
Coffers

19. Legacy
Highly influential building, particularly the dome/rotunda

20. Le Pantheon in Paris

21. Monticello, Virginia

22. St. Peter’s, The Vatican (Rome)

23. Il Duomo, Florence

24. Khan Academy video