1 Climate Change & Renewable Energy Presentation at ICORE 2008 Date By TL SANKAR Administrative Staff College of India Hyderabad

2 Context of Climate Change 1992 Concerns started at the Rio-de-Janeiro UN Conference on Environment and Development 1998 Frame work convention on climate change and Kyoto protocol 35 Industrial countries agreed to reduce emission of green house gases. India is not one of the 35 Countries with the obligation to reduce green house gases. But India as a responsible global citizen would like to reduce green house gases to the maximum possible limit without sacrificing our developmental goals. Climate change consequences in India could be mitigated,

3 India’s Current CO 2 Emission Level Per Capita Tonnes / Per Year

4 Cumulative CO 2 Emissions Cumulative per capita emissions from 1850 to 2004 for UK and USA is 1100 tons! For India it is 23 tons!

5 Energy Intensity India Kgoe / Per US $ PPP  Japan, Denmark, UK and Brazil have lower energy intensity  Energy intensity is declining at about 1.5% per year

6 Principles of National Action Plan On Climate Change Inclusive and sustainable development strategy, Efficient and cost-effective strategies for Demand side management Accelerated deployment of appropriate technologies Innovative market, regulatory, and voluntary mechanisms Effective linkages with civil society and public-private partnerships

7 The Renewables In the Action Plan 1.Renewables are expected to play a major role in the Action Plan 2.Eight National Missions have been setup 3.Important among them relate to renewable energy 4.These are a). National Solar Mission b). National Mission on Sustainable Habitat c). National Mission for a Green India d). Choice of technologies for mitigating CO 2 Emission i. Hydro Power ii. Other Renewable Energy

8 Two Types of Mitigation Technologies A). Large Capital Intensity i.Super Critical Technology ii.Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) iii.Nuclear Power iv.Solar Photovoltaic Plants (MW Size) B). Small Plants a.Small Solar power Plants b.Utilization of solar energy for all heat and light uses c.Waste disposal and conversion to energy product d.Wind Power e.Other Renewable Energy Technologies

9 The Special Role of Renewables For inclusive development, renewables fit the Indian conditions Small scale production to meet the small energy needs of rural communities. The technology can be managed by the rural people with capacity augmentation The resources are locally produced and paid for local people. The value additions remain with the rural community. Energy wasted in transformation, transport / transmission are reduced to the minimum. Creates livelihood opportunities in rural areas where it is urgently required. Investment requirements are relatively smaller than for major CO 2 Emission mitigation technologies.

10 National Solar Mission Increase the share of solar energy in the total energy mix Decentralized distribution of energy – solar home lighting,solar street lighting, solar water pumping systems Creation of more affordable, more convenient solar power systems and storage

11 National Mission For a Green India Afforestation of 6 million hectares Afforestation of 6 million hectares Coverage of degraded forest land / energy plantations to play a major role Coverage of degraded forest land / energy plantations to play a major role Enhancement of ecosystem services including carbon sinks Enhancement of ecosystem services including carbon sinks Involvement of communities in Forest protection & afforestation Involvement of communities in Forest protection & afforestation

12 Renewables & Climate Change 1.The challenges of climate change have to be addressed urgently. 2.The energy security has to be ensured. 3.Inclusive growth with adequate employment creation in rural areas. 4.National local resources should be used to the maximum. All issues converge to reinforce the importance of renewables more than ever before - NOW ……

13 WHY-NOW ? Increase in rainfall by 15-40% by the end of the 21st century with high regional variability Increase in annual mean temperature by 3°C to 5°C by the end of 21st century Changes in frequency and/or magnitude of extreme temperature and precipitation events. These changes would result in adverse impacts on agriculture, water resources, health, forests, vulnerability to extreme events, and coastal areas. Therefore, ACT NOW. Adopt Renewables.

14 THANK YOU