Cultural and Intellectual Influences

Transformations  Developments in science and the arts  Consumer emphasis

Advances in Scientific Knowledge  Science and intellectual movements attempt to explain reality  Traditions of rationalism  Darwin’s evolutionary theory  Einstein’s theory of physical relativity  Freud’s psychoanalysis

Advances in Medicine  Concern with the well-being of society  1877 sewer systems  Louis Pasteur ( )  Joseph Lister ( )

Artistic Expression  Romanticism  Emotion and impressionism keys to understanding human experience  Split between Romanticism and rationalism caused much debate  Science supported the industrial order  Artists followed experimental paths  No synthesis in the 19th century

Art and Literature  Realism  Reaction to Romanticism  Based on scientific and rationalist thought  Charles Dickens  Mark Twain  Photography

Art and Literature-Realism

African and Asian Influence  Europeans took notice of African and Asian artistic styles  admired dramatic, spare style of traditional West African sculpture, wood, and metalwork  Use of color and stylized forms of design in Japan  Impressionists  Simple themes in nature  Free of traditional constraints

Cultural Japan  Heavily influenced by the west  Literature based on European models  Architecture and artists  create large building of steel  Greek columns  Western fashion and hairstyles  Japan still preserved it’s own values

Cultural Japan  Heavily influenced by the west  Literature based on European models  Architecture and artists  create large building of steel  Greek columns  Western fashion and hairstyles  Japan still preserved it’s own values

Leisure and Consumption  Higher wages and fewer working hours  New opportunities  Middle class values  Pleasure is a legitimate part of life  Consumption had to be encouraged  Field of advertising communicated sense of “needing things”  Popular “crazes”  The bicycle  Popular newspapers  Theaters  Professional sports

The End