History Mystery If Adolf Hitler had not been elected to chancellor of Germany would World War II have happened? Why would a society elect a leader like Hitler in 1932? What if Hitler got in to art school?

An Age of Anxiety

1. European society was badly shaken by the effects of the war 2. Europeans experienced a shock to their system of values, beliefs, and traditions 3. Scientific and cultural that came about after the war reflected a sense of loss and anxiety 4. Alongside a widespread economic depression dictators in Russia, Italy, and Germany tried to develop stronger nations 5. The communist rise of Joseph Stalin, and the fascist governments lead by Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany led to a greater sense of anxiety during this time.

Postwar Pessimism “Lost Generation” Writing - Named by Gertrude Stein - American intellects who wrote about depression and disappointment showed the mood of US and Europe after the Great War Progress - Sciences and Technology focused on war - Western Societies gave democracy to both men and women - Democracy was viewed negatively and was named “rule of inferiors”

Effects of the collapse of Stock prices Many countries were affected because many were dependent on the U.S for financial assistance Marriage,birthrates, and divorce rate declined Millions of people struggle for basic resources (shantytown appeared and breadlines stretched for blocks)‏

Democracy or Communism? Among Marxists minds capitalist society was seen as a bad system. Vladimir Lenin and the more popular Joseph Stalin formed the first socialist society the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922 Across Europe Fascist movements promoted alternatives to socialism which varied from place to place

The Party In Russia just started With the victory of the Bolsheviks, The Russian Communist Party, civil war erupted from 1918 to The Red Terror campaign started to kill those opposing communism Tsar Nicolas II was executed by Bolsheviks

Transition to War Communism Bolshevik government took control of all privately held properties, banks and industries. With the abolition of private land industrial production went to 1/10 the of prewar level and agricultural production reached half of its prewar level. Lenin implemented NEP in order to restored market economy and private enterprises in Russia

Joseph Stalin “the man of steel” After the death of Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the position of dictator of the Soviet Union in 1928 First Five-Year plan, aimed at transforming the agriculture country of Russia into a industrial power. Collectivization, a enforced collecting of agricultural land, which the Soviet state used to give land equally and profit was shared

The Start of Fascist Italy Benito Mussolini was a socialist writer whom believed that the Great War would strengthen Italy By 1920 Mussolini rallied support under a group of armed squads named Brown-shirts. Brown-shirts marched towards Rome, later King Victor Emmanuel III asks Mussolini to become prime minister and create a new government. He chose a fascist regime in 1922

Benito's Acts From Mussolini took dictatorship, with that he took liberty in eliminating of political parties, free speech, association, and began supervising military officers With Benito's friendship with Adolf Hitler came his ideas in anti-Semitic laws were placed such as excluding Jews and Aryans from marrying

National Socialist German Workers' Party, AKA N.A.Z.I's Hitler gained powered from his Nazi association becoming chairmen of the party in 1921 and in 1932 Hitler was elected chancellor. Hitler destroyed trade unions, eliminated strikes and lockouts and took out any possible enemies of the regime.

“Race” for “Superiority” Nazi Germany needed to build up its population as well and to do this Nazi Germany took measures into promoting birth and close all forms of birth control, abortion and family planning. The Honor Cross which was on August 12,the day Hitler’s mother was born, mothers would receive a medal based on the amount of children they had.

Sterilization of the “inferior” With its birth propaganda, Nazi's began sterilizing those with physical or mental handicaps. By 1935 “racial aliens” were forced to have abortions. Some racial inferiors were the gypsies and Jews Nazi anti-semitic laws were widespread, due to the popularized hate of Jews and the blaming for events that occurred in Germany. Nazis took all the possessions of Jews and by 1938 approximately 250,000 Jews fled Germany