The Evolution of International Society

Introduction International Society Any association of distinct political communities which accept some common value, rules, and institutions Originally coined to refer to relations among European stats, the term now apply any relationship among state Usually dominated by a “Great Power”

Regional International Systems International Societies first developed in the Ancient world when the first organized human communities developed Greece Separate City-State Distinct political units System of Arbitration to settle disputes Cultural Unity Supranational Authority Persian War Developed Treaties for protection Melian Dialogue Peloponnesian War Athens to Melos “Let’s not waste time with fine words which nobody will believe. You know as well as we do that the question of justice hardly ever comes into human affairs. The truth is that the powerful take what they can and the weak grant what they must” Demonstrates Ultra-Realist View of World Order

Continue India China Rome Religion Confucianism Imperialist Supranational Authority Just War Dharma and Karma China Confucianism Imperial China Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, etc.. Cultural Center of the World Rome Imperialist Law of Nations Spread Roman Culture

Multi-Regional International System Ancient world provided regional international system, with the major religions we see multi-regional systems being formed Vatican Rome fell and catholic church took its place Supranational Authority Unifying Element of Europe Moral and Ethnic Unity Cannon Law – Legal Order Priesthood – International Bureaucracy

Continued Islam Faith spread from Middle East to Africa, Europe, and Asia Creates Umma (Community of followers) in new lands The Great Schism Sunni and Shia Who is Caliphate (leader) Islamic Theory Dar Al-Harb – The adobe of War Dar Al-Islam – The adobe of Islam Constant conflict until Dar Al-Islam Wins Jihad – Struggle by heart, words, hand, and sword Peace between the two Adobes required treaties

World International System Three key developments Development of larger more powerful states Protestant Reformation diminished catholic churches power Discovery of the New World and birth of colonization The world was drawn into European conflicts Decolonization established European style states in eastern society Modern Diplomacy Developed Resident Ambassadors Diplomatic Immunity

30 Years War and Westphalia Thirty Years War Europe’s last religious war Conflict over legitimate authority between states and religion Peace of Westphalia (1648) Ended 30 years war Key event in development Modern IS Placed states in higher authority then Church Territoriality Sovereignty Autonomy Treaty of Utrecht Ended War for Spanish Succession (1701-14) Established Balance of Power as the best protection of peace among nations

French and American Revolutions Profound Consequences for international society Sovereignty was invest in Nation (People), not Rulers (Kings) Birth of Modern Democracy National Self-Determination Established “Concert of Europe” Power Club of Europe’s Main Powers that dictated military and economic power Settled matters of important/mutual interest Diplomatic Development greatly increased Congress of Berlin Legitimized domination of Asia and Africa

WWI and League of Nations Ended Concert of Europe Smaller States broke free of powerful states influence Gave rise to non-European Super powers Japan US League of Nations First organization of the International Society Emphasized Collective Security rather then Balance of Power Membership was world wide, not just Europe but represented European style

Continue League of Nations First organization of the International Society Highly Organized Emphasized Collective Security rather then Balance of Power Membership was world wide, not just Europe but represented European style of power

Globalization of IS Treaty of Versailles Created instability, not peace Directly caused WWII US Senate would not ratify United Nations born out of WWII US Promoted Did not want to repeat United Nations Mistake Cold War born out of WWII US v. USSR Entire World belonged to one of the two camps