European Exploration: Spanish Conquistadors & a French Explorer

3 Reasons for Exploration _____________ European countries wanted to increase their global wealth. _____________ Catholic church supported expeditions in hopes of converting natives to Christianity _____________ Expeditions led by Conquistadors looking for wealth & fame. 3 G’s

Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is costly because more than 225,000 stigmas must be hand picked to produce one pound CINNAMON NUTMEG SAFFRON PEPPER THEREASONTHEREASON East Asian Spices/Silk

1 pound = SALT COST 2 pounds of GOLD!

Western Europe wanted an all-water route to Asia Routes over land were dangerous & costly

33 days

Important Dates Columbus sailed for Spanish King & Queen with 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria. Reaches the Bahamas (near North America). Lands at San Salvador. Returned to the Americas 3 times

Biggest tribe and most feared in Central America Had tons of gold and riches Spanish determined to conquer them Practiced brutal sacrifices to gods

Spanish Advantages Guns, Germs, & Steel - Advanced technology

Spanish Advantages: Disease The Spanish had different immune systems from the American Indians. The “common cold” could infect one person with the flu and all would be affected!

Spanish Advantages Persuaded thousands of other Native Americans that hated Aztec rule to join the Spanish as allies. Indian Allies 500 Conquistadors

Important Dates By 1521 Aztecs are conquered & all their gold is taken by the Spanish conquistadors

Hernan Cortes, Tenochtitlan Cortes eventually seizes the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico city). Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain. His success inspires other Spaniards to explore North America.

Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda Explored & created the 1 st map of the Gulf Coast Texas Gulf Coast region (including the Texas coast). 1 st Europeans to see Texas coast

Panfilo de Narvaez conquer Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida & Mexico in Ships that were supposed to pick them up never did. they built small boats Stranded, they built small boats. shipwrecked Go through a hurricane and get shipwrecked. Drowned

Cabeza de Vaca Shipwrecked near Galveston – (part of Narvaez expedition) Karankawa Survived with Karankawa 8 yrs. Karankawa give supplies to the men- but they are forced to work for the Karankawa

Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as "Isla del Malhado," or Island of Misfortune.

Indians following the Spaniards brought a sense of horror to the group. According to Cabeza de Vaca, "Our fear made them appear as giants." Cabeza de Vaca described native dwellings as portable structures made of mats placed on four arches. When it was time to move to the next camp, the Indians would remove the mats and carry them on their backs. Removed an arrowhead from an Indians chest & sewed up the wounds= great fame as a healer

Cabeza de Vaca Eventually found his way back to Mexico City & then went back to Spain. book buffalo Texas Wrote a book describing plants & animals ( buffalo ) in Texas.

Fray Marcos & Estevanico Africanexplore Estevanico (Esteban) 1 st African to explore Texas. Catholic Fray Marcos- Catholic friar conquistadors Cibola Sent reports back that encouraged conquistadors to continue searching for Cibola. Estevanico Killed by Zuni Indians

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 7 cities that were rich in gold, silver, & gems.Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 7 cities that were rich in gold, silver, & gems. Searched for 5 months going through the Texas PanhandleSearched for 5 months going through the Texas Panhandle Cibola turned out to be an adobe village.Cibola turned out to be an adobe village. Didn’t want to go back empty handed = continued to search but he found no gold.Didn’t want to go back empty handed = continued to search but he found no gold.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Explored the Texas panhandle. Searching for Quivera.Explored the Texas panhandle. Searching for Quivera. 1 st European to see Grand Canyon (Arizona)

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle Gulf of Mexico France Explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico & claimed Louisiana for France.

R ene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle Fort St. Louis La Salle’s settlement – Fort St. Louis near Matagorda Bay. SpanishFrench Texas Spanish now had to take action to make sure the French didn’t take over their claim to Texas.

Results of European Exploration Columbian Exchange- Transfer of plants, animals, & diseases

Results of European Exploration Diseases: Small pox & measles - Spanish (wild offspring of horses) - are first brought to New World by the Spanish. Indians get horses trading/raiding and become better hunters & fighters. Different fruits Cattle

Spanish pronunciation of the Caddo Indian word Teyshas. The word = “friend,” & generally referred to the allied tribes of their confederacy. jx In Spanish, the sh sound is usually represented by j, h, or x = became - Americans called it…