1. Spain in the New World God Glory Gold
Convert natives to Christianity, the Catholic Faith.
Glory
Conquistadors conquer and claim land for Spain.
Gold
Spanish wanted to become rich and powerful. Brought gold and silver back to Spain.

2. Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
1st European explorer to map the coast of the Gulf of Mexico (Texas Coast).
Florida TX
Cuba
Mexico
Jamaica
(1519) Same year Cortes conquers the Aztec Empire

3. Hernan Cortes Hernan Cortes established the city of Veracruz
Conquered Aztecs & Aztec Empire
Renamed Tenochtitlán- Mexico City
Aztec leader Montezuma thought Cortes was the god, Quetzalcoatl.

4. Panfilo de Narvaez Expedition
Given land in Florida by the king and permission to conquer the lands from Florida to Mexico.
The 400 man expedition was dropped off on shore in Florida to explore but the ships failed to pick them up farther up the coast as planned.
They built rafts to try to sail to Mexico but a hurricane shipwrecks them; of the 80 survivors of the hurricane only four survive and make it to Mexico, among them the 2nd in command, Cabeza de Vaca.

5. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
Cabeza de Vaca, Estevanico and two others were the only four survivors of the Narvaez Expedition.
During their 8 yr. journey they were kept as slaves by the natives and Cabeza de Vaca became Medicine man (culondero).
Cabeza de Vaca was the first European to explore the interior of Texas.

6. Search for the Seven Cities of Cibola
Frair Marcos & Estevanico lead an expedition to find the Seven Cities of Cibola (gold) that Cabeza de Vaca told of.
Estevanico was sent ahead as a scout. The plan: Send back a runner with a cross when he found Cibola.
Small Cross = Small Cities
Large Cross = Large cities of Cibola
Estevanico sends a runner with a large cross. Friar Marcos arrives to find out Estevanico was killed by the Zuni Pueblos.
Friar Marcos sees golden roof tops and returns to Mexico to report he found Cibola. What he really saw was sun shinning on the adobe buildings of the Zuni Pueblos.

7. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Coronado and 1000 men set out to check out Friar Marcos’ location of Cibola and finds no gold.
He splits his expedition in two, ½ go west and ½ go east.
The ½ go west were the 1st Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.
Coronado goes east where he meets the Turk at Tiguex. The Turk promises to take Coronado to Quivera, a land of wealth.
Coronado crossed the Pecos river and explored the west Texas plains where they saw buffalo.
When Coronado reached Palo Duro Canyon near Amarillo he sent back all but 30 of his men to Mexico.
40 Days later they reach Quivera where Coranado kills the Turk when there are no riches.

8. Hernando de Soto De Soto set out to find the Seven Cities of Cibola.
Sails to Florida, searches Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennesse, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas.
In 1541 De Soto reached the Mississippi River, running out of supplies Desoto decides to give up.
DeSoto dies and Luis de Moscoso de Alvarado takes over and leads them to Mexico.
The De Soto expedition was the 1st major exploration of the interior of North America

9. Spain Establishes Missions
Purpose of the missions to spread Christianity and protect Spanish claims to land.
In 1610 Juan de Onate establishes the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico.
In 1682 The Spanish establish the 1st mission in Texas Corpus Christi de Ysleta near El Paso.