1. Age of Contact: European Exploration

2. Vocabulary Words
Conquistador- A Spanish soldier/explorer who wanted riches & power, as well as wealth & glory for Spain, in the conquest of the Americas.
Mission- a religious settlement.

3. Reasons for Exploration
Gold
_____________ European countries wanted to increase their global wealth.
_____________ Catholic church supported expeditions in hopes of converting natives to Christianity
_____________ Expeditions led by Conquistadors looking for wealth & fame.
God
Glory

4. T H E R A S O N SAFFRON CINNAMON NUTMEG PEPPER
Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is costly because more than 225,000 stigmas must be hand picked to produce one pound
Saffron approx. $1000 lb
NUTMEG
PEPPER

5. Routes over land were dangerous & costly
Western Europe wanted an all-water route to Asia

6. 33 days

7. Important Dates
1492: Funded by the Spanish crown, Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic hoping to find a faster route to Asia.
Following the example & knowledge of Columbus, other Conquistadors will claim territory in the “new world.”
Are we there yet!

9. Never sets foot in Texas
Columbus

10. Aztecs

11. Spanish Advantages
Guns, Germs, & Steel -
Advanced technology

12. Spanish Advantages

13. Indian Allies (military)
Spanish Advantages
Indian Allies (military)
500 Conquistadors
Persuaded thousands of other Native Americans that hated Aztec rule to join the Spanish as allies.

14. Important Dates
by 1521
Aztecs are conquered & all their gold is taken.

15. Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain
Hernan Cortes
Cortes eventually seizes the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan (renamed Mexico city)
Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain
His success inspires other Spaniards to explore North America

17. New Spanish Towns & Missions
Spain was/is a Catholic nation
Spanish wanted to convert Indians to Catholicism
Priest & nuns established missions
Helped protect claim of their territory

18. Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
1519- Explored & created the 1st map of the
Gulf Coast region (including the Texas coast).
1st Europeans to see Texas coast

19. Drowned Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida & Mexico
Panfilo de Narvaez
Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida & Mexico
Ships that were supposed to pick them up never did.
Stranded, they built small boats.
Go through a hurricane and get shipwrecked.
Drowned

20. Cabeza de Vaca Shipwrecked near Galveston
(part of Narvaez expedition)
Survived with Karankawa 8 yrs.

21. Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as "Isla del Malhado," or Island of Misfortune.

22. Removed an arrowhead from an Indians chest & sewed up the wounds= great fame as a healer
Cabeza de Vaca described native dwellings as portable structures made of mats placed on four arches. When it was time to move to the next camp, the Indians would remove the mats and carry them on their backs.

23. Cabeza de Vaca
Eventually found his way back to Mexico City & then went back to Spain.
Wrote a book describing plants & animals (bison) in Texas.

25. Popular Legend- 7 cities containing vast treasures
Popular Legend- 7 cities containing vast treasures. One of the cities was reportedly called Cibola.

26. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 7 cities that were rich in gold, silver, & gems.
Searched for 5 months going through the Texas Panhandle
Cibola turned out to be an adobe village
Didn’t want to go back empty handed = continued to search but he found no gold.

27. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Explored the Texas panhandle. Searching for Quivera.
1st European to see Grand Canyon (Arizona)

28. Coronado’s Report on [Texas]
“was a country (land) of fine appearance” and its soil promised good farming. He also reported that “there is not any gold nor any other metal- nothing but little villages.”

29. (1581) Don Juan de Onate Claims entire Rio Grande Valley for Spain
Founded the Spanish settlements of upper Rio Grande, including El Paso (El Paso del Norte)
Set up missions along the Rio Grande

31. Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle
1682: Explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico & claimed Louisiana for France.

32. Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle
(1685) La Salle’s settlement – Fort St. Louis near Matagorda Bay.
Spain now had to take action to make sure the French didn’t take over their claim to Texas.

34. Results of European Exploration
Columbian Exchange-
Transfer of plants, animals, & diseases

35. Guinea pigs, hummingbirds, muskrats, rattlesnakes, turkeys
Americas
Europe, Asia, Africa
Avocados, beans, cashews, cocoa beans (chocolate), corn, papayas, peanuts, pecans, peppers, pineapples, potatoes, squash, tomatoes, vanilla beans, wild rice.
Guinea pigs, hummingbirds, muskrats, rattlesnakes, turkeys
Barley, rice, oats. Wheat, bananas, coffee, lemons, lettuce, okra, olives, onions, oranges, peaches, pears, radishes, soybeans, sugarcane, watermelons.
Chickens, cows, cats, goats, hogs, honey bees, horses, mice, rabbits, rats, sheep

36. Results of European Exploration
Diseases:
Small pox & measles
Cattle
Mustangs -
wild offspring of horses brought by the Spanish.
Indians get horses trading/raiding = Indians become better hunters & fighters.
Different fruits

37. Spanish pronunciation of the Caddo Indian word Teyshas
Spanish pronunciation of the Caddo Indian word Teyshas. The word = “friend,” & generally referred to the allied tribes of their confederacy.
In Spanish, the sh sound is usually represented by j, h, or x = became -
TEJAS
Americans called it…
TEXAS