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5. 4 Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission. Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission.

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7. 6 What Happens 400 men started out from Florida to Mexico 400 men started out from Florida to Mexico They thought this would be a short trip. They thought this would be a short trip. They had only enough food for everyone to have ½ handful of maize They had only enough food for everyone to have ½ handful of maize There was a hurricane! There was a hurricane! They never made it to Mexico, instead they (80) ended up in Texas (Galveston Bay). They never made it to Mexico, instead they (80) ended up in Texas (Galveston Bay).

8. 7 They were cold, naked, starving, and had no food, shelter, or clothing. They were cold, naked, starving, and had no food, shelter, or clothing. They met up with the Karankawa Indians who gave them fish, roots, and walnuts. They met up with the Karankawa Indians who gave them fish, roots, and walnuts. When they received no more food from the Indians, they ate their shipmates that had died. When they received no more food from the Indians, they ate their shipmates that had died.

9. 8 THE LONE SURVIVORS Only 4 survived (out of 400)! Only 4 survived (out of 400)! Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico First Europeans to explore the interior of Texas First Europeans to explore the interior of Texas

10. 9 EXPERIENCES OF CABEZA DE VACA Survivor of the failed Nararez expedition Survivor of the failed Nararez expedition Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston, Texas Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston, Texas Taken in by the Kawakawas Indians Taken in by the Kawakawas Indians Escaped and traveled among Indian villages Escaped and traveled among Indian villages Worked as a healer, trader, and servant Worked as a healer, trader, and servant gained Indians’ respect gained Indians’ respect First European to Explore the Texas interior First European to Explore the Texas interior

11. 10 Cabeza de Vaca He also wrote about his life with the Native Americans in a work of literature called La relacion. He also wrote about his life with the Native Americans in a work of literature called La relacion. This was the first written work of Texas literature. This was the first written work of Texas literature.

12. 11 Cabeza de Vaca The survivors from the 1528 hurricane beached at Galveston Bay and were helped by Karankawas. The survivors from the 1528 hurricane beached at Galveston Bay and were helped by Karankawas. Six years later only four men were alive, two of which were Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico.. Six years later only four men were alive, two of which were Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico.. He and his men became the first Europeans to see the interior of Texas. He and his men became the first Europeans to see the interior of Texas.

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14. 13 THE CORONADO EXPEDITION Set out in 1540 for Spain Set out in 1540 for Spain Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the Llano Estacado Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the Llano Estacado Was looking for Cibola and Quivira – cities of gold Was looking for Cibola and Quivira – cities of gold Learned there was no gold; only Pueblo villages Learned there was no gold; only Pueblo villages Saw American buffalo Saw American buffalo

15. 14 RESULTS OF THE CORONADO AND DE SOTO EXPEDITIONS Met the Texas Indians but did not find gold Met the Texas Indians but did not find gold Coronado – explored the American Southwest and encountered Indians Coronado – explored the American Southwest and encountered Indians DeSoto – explored the American Southwest; encountered the Caddo Indians DeSoto – explored the American Southwest; encountered the Caddo Indians

16. 15 Fray Marcos & Estevanico (1539) Coronado (1540) De Soto– Moscoso (1539) find seven lost cities of gold conquer Cibola; gain its treasure conquer Cibola; gain its treasure ExpeditionGoalsResults Estevanico—reached a Zuni village and was killed; Fray Marcos—saw village from afar and reported it was filled with gold and treasure conquered Zuni village; crossed Texas Panhandle in search of Quivira; did not find any gold or treasure explored what is now the south- eastern United States and East Texas; sailed to Mexico; did not find any gold or treasure

17. 16 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Coronado was commissioned to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. They were believed to have GOLD. Coronado was commissioned to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. They were believed to have GOLD. Coronado and his men became the first Europeans to see West Texas

18. 17 SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS Effects on SpainEffects on American Indians gained new plants and animals from Europe, such as horses rise of a Plains Indian horse culture Plains Indians’ fighting and hunting abilities increased by horses many Texas Indian deaths from European diseases conflict with the Spanish established a claim to Texas gained knowledge about land and people of Texas gained new plants and animals from the Americas gained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north lost equine military advantage conflict with Texas Indians

19. 18 SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598

20. 19 EFFECTS OF SPANISH EXPLORATION Established a claim to Texas Established a claim to Texas Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas Gained new plants and animals from the Americas Gained new plants and animals from the Americas Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north

21. 20 SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS TEXAS EXPLORATION Established a claim to Texas Established a claim to Texas Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas The Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange – term describing the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents since the time of Columbus

22. 21 THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANS Positive – led to a transfer of plants, animals between the Indians and Spanish Positive – led to a transfer of plants, animals between the Indians and Spanish Negative – led to the spread of diseases from Europe to the Americas Negative – led to the spread of diseases from Europe to the Americas

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24. 23 The La Salle Expedition Set out in 1682 for France Set out in 1682 for France Explored the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico Explored the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico La Salle get lost and ended up in Texas La Salle get lost and ended up in Texas Set up a settlement in Texas Set up a settlement in Texas Name the area around the Mississippi River… Louisiana Name the area around the Mississippi River… Louisiana

25. 24 The French Explore Texas The international competition for land in the New World was intense. The international competition for land in the New World was intense. In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi River and the surrounding land (dependent on the river) for France. In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi River and the surrounding land (dependent on the river) for France. He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana). He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana). They wanted to compete with Spain’s quest for riches and control trade. They wanted to compete with Spain’s quest for riches and control trade.

26. 25 Fort St. Louis La Salle established the first French colony in Texas on the Lavaca River. La Salle established the first French colony in Texas on the Lavaca River. The colony had trouble from the beginning because they lost valuable supplies at sea. The colony had trouble from the beginning because they lost valuable supplies at sea. They were helped for a while by the Indians, but fighting soon broke out. They were helped for a while by the Indians, but fighting soon broke out.

27. 26 Why did the Natives turn against LaSalle and his men? The Native Americans found the supplies that washed up on shore after La Belle sank. The Native Americans found the supplies that washed up on shore after La Belle sank. The French took the supplies back without asking for them or explaining what happened. The French took the supplies back without asking for them or explaining what happened.

28. 27 Fort St. Louis La Salle tried to find a way back to the Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful. La Salle tried to find a way back to the Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful. Many of his men died. Many of his men died. In 1687 La Salle tried to go home. He took 17 of the 20 survivors with him. In 1687 La Salle tried to go home. He took 17 of the 20 survivors with him. On the ship, the men plotted against him and he was killed. Spanish explorers found the bodies of the remaining French colonists who had been killed by the Indians.

29. 28 FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

30. 29 Spain’s claims on Texas lands prompted France to establish a colony of its own. Although La Salle’s Texas colony did not survive, France’s presence renewed Spain’s interest in settling Texas. The French Explore Texas Columbus came to the New World looking for gold and a new trade route to Asia. Although he found neither, his four voyages inspired others to seek their fortunes in the Americas. Europe Eyes the Americas Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas

31. 30 Consequences for the Native Americans Native Americans lived in Texas long before the Europeans explored there. Native Americans lived in Texas long before the Europeans explored there. The arrival of the Spanish and French explorers to Texas brought Native Americans severe consequences. The arrival of the Spanish and French explorers to Texas brought Native Americans severe consequences. Diseases such as smallpox killed thousands of Native Americans. Diseases such as smallpox killed thousands of Native Americans. www.rangerdj.com/ clipart/indian/indian.jpg