ARGUMENT VOCABULARY. ISSUE  Definition : An important aspect of human society for which there are many differing opinions on an appropriate course of.

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Presentation transcript:

ARGUMENT VOCABULARY

ISSUE  Definition : An important aspect of human society for which there are many differing opinions on an appropriate course of action  Synonyms : Topic, problem, concern  Example : SMOKING

CLAIM  Definition : A statement that asserts a belief or truth (about a subject) that people can disagree with  Synonyms : Thesis, Main Idea  Example : THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD BAN SMOKING.

REASONS  Definition : A statement that expands a claim by offering evidence to support it and answers the question: “What makes you say so?”.  Synonyms : Explanation, Rationale  Examples : Smoking causes serious diseases in smokers. Non-smokers are endangered by second hand smoke.

EVIDENCE  Definition: Material offered to support an argument; something that furnishes reliable and logical proof. Can be facts, statistics, anecdotes, expert’s opinions, definitions, or examples.  Synonyms: reasons, support, proof  Examples: Number of deaths attributed to secondhand smoke Lawsuits recently won against large tobacco companies citing the need for reparation for smoking related healthcare costs. Examples of bans already imposed in many public places.

WARRANT  Definition : The statement (expressed or implied) that establishes the logical connection between a claim and its supporting reasons. It answers the question: “So what?”.  Synonyms : Allowance, authorization  Examples : The Constitution promises to “promote the general welfare.” Citizens are entitled to protection from harmful actions by others.

REBUTTAL  Definition : An answer that challenges or refutes a specific claim or charge  Synonyms : Counterclaim, disconfirmation, disproof, refutation  Example : Smoking laws should be left to the states. Such a ban could not be enforced.

RESPONSE  Definition : Something that is said or written as a reply to the rebuttal.  Synonyms : Answer, reply  Examples : The ban applies to public places; smokers can smoke in private. The power of the federal government to impose other restrictions on smoking (warning labels on cigarettes, bans on cigarette ads) has survived legal challenges. The experience of New York City, which has imposed such a ban, suggests that enforcement would not be a significant problem.