Age of Enlightenment in Europe Chapter 22
Enlightenment Defined A revolution in intellectual activity changing the European view of government & society Began in the 1600s
The Enlightenment in Europe Influenced by Scientific Revolution Led to idea that… –Reason could apply to laws governing humanity… –In areas of religion, government, economy & education
Conflicting Theories & England’s Political Turmoil Thomas Hobbes theories favoring absolutism versus John Locke protection of the natural rights (i.e.democratic freedoms)
Thomas Hobbes: Absolutist Citizens gave up natural rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law & order… Ideas were published in Leviathan, 1651 XC TOPIC: Leviathan by 3/22
Charles I ruled Lost the civil war with Parliament Issue: Absolutism in Government XC:Bio sketch on Charles I by 3/22
Thomas Hobbes ( ) Reacted to violence of civil war Leviathan was too secular for the exiles who threatened to murder him
Charles II r. ( ) Protected Hobbes…but Parliament censored his works & called him a heretic* XC: Charles II
John Locke ( ) Citizens are reasonable beings with capacity to… – govern themselves –look after welfare of society –learn from experience
John Locke Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1697(artist) Hermitage
James II (r ) Anti-Catholic Whig Party opposed his rule Helped overthrow him in 1688 Locke was a Whig
Glorious Revolution, 1688 James II overthrown Constitutional monarchy in England –Rule of law applies to rulers Barred Catholics from throne XC: Details of Glorious Rev by 3/23
Two Treatises on Government, 1690 Written in defense of the Glorious Revolution… –& to counter Hobbes Citizens have right to overthrow unjust government XC Presentation by 3/24
Joint Rulers: 1689 Whig Parliament appointed William III & Mary II (Protestants) They had to accept the Bill of Rights before the coronation
Religion & Politics In Britain Issues largely settled by end of 17 th century –Parliament held real power after 1689 Catholics had no rights until 1829 –Still barred from inheriting throne
End of Part I