Chapter 5 Section 3
Beginnings of Sparta *Late 1100s BC: Invaders from North conquered Peloponnesus - Helots: conquered workers -Sparta: capital
Geography of Sparta *Located in valley -Had walls (Defense) -Mountainous *Sparta: develops into rigid, militarized society -Keep Helots in line
Spartan Society Three Social Groups: 1. Equals – descendants of invaders - Controlled city-state. - Land divided among them.
2. Half Citizens – free, paid taxes, served in army. - no political power - farmed/traded 3. Helots – slaves (Largest) - Spartans decided where they would worked/lived -hated Spartans
Government in Sparta Two Kings Council of Elders5 Ephors Assembly
Government in Sparta 1. Two Kings - Home and Military 2. Council of Elders -60 yrs. Old 28 Men: wealthy aristocrats. Proposed laws and were court.
3. Assembly: Accepted/Rejected laws passed by Council of Elders 4. Elected 5 Ephors: 1 year terms Ensured kings followed laws Controlled Education
Aries Artemis God of War Goddess associated with warriors and the young
Militaristic Society *Controlled all citizens Birth to Death *Everyone part of military machine Controlled Helots Expanded Spartan power
A Spartan Soldier *Birth: examined Unhealthy: left to die *Boys: Age 7 go to military Education (military & academics) *Age 18 – 20 trained for war *Age 20 began military service
A Spartan Soldier No: marriage home life Business or trade…….until 30! ~Love of money corrupt *Eligible for Service until 60 *After 60: work for public good, not private gain.
Spartan Women *Women: strong/raise warriors *Received strict training taught to be devoted to city- state
Result of Militaristic Society ~Unbeatable Army ~Loss of Freedom ~Little Science, Literature or Philosophy Created
Location of Athens *Attic Peninsula: lacks fertile land Sea traders *Protected from enemies: Inland city Walls *Built around rocky hill: Acropolis
Athens 120 A.D.
Athenian Society Three Classes: 1. Athenian Citizens: only Athenian- born MEN had full political rights.
2. Metics: Non-citizens born outside Athens. Artisans or merchants Free/paid taxes Couldn’t participate in politics/own land
3. Slaves: often captured in war ~Necessary to society *Slaves and Metics = over ½ of Athen’s population
Early Government *Monarchy Aristocracy --Land owning citizens held office *Elected 9 Archons: --rulers who served 1 year terms. *Draco: created 1 st law code in 621 B.C. (Harsh!) Nobles & Metics vs. Farmers for $$$ Poor sold into slavery.
Solon *Archon: Erased debts of poor Outlawed slavery for debt -Freed those who were slaves for debt. *Citizens divided into 4 groups Richest 2 could hold office All citizens could vote
Solon
Peisistratus * BC: Tyrant ruler of Athens *Supported Lower classes Clashed with nobles *After his son’s rule, nobles returned to power briefly.
Athenian Democracy *Cleisthenes: 507 BC: turned Athens into a Democracy *10 Tribes: each choose 50 Men Council of 500 – Proposed laws *Assembly had final say on laws *Court jurors chosen from citizens
Athenian vs. U.S. Democracy *Direct Democracy – all citizens participated directly in making decisions Or *Representative Democracy – citizens elect representatives to govern for them.