CONFLICT, ACCESS TO LAND AND COCA CULTIVATION IN COLOMBIA Washington D.C. March 2015.

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Presentation transcript:

CONFLICT, ACCESS TO LAND AND COCA CULTIVATION IN COLOMBIA Washington D.C. March 2015

1.Overview: current location of illicit crops in Colombia 2.Regional distribution of permanency coca fields 3.Tendency of the illicit crops through the years Special Territorial Units – STU- and coca fields 5.Land-tenure in coca crop zones (Pacific Region) 6.Programme «Alliance Good Governance» in Department of Nariño 7.Colombian Peace Process – Item No. 1: Land Reform 8.Conclusions Agenda

Less conditions for establishment and preservation of national security and law enforcement Less chances of development capacity Illicit crops fields Main cities at night

Descending and persistent tendency of illicit crops in Colombia due to the maintenance of certain territorial conditions in some areas of the country.

COCA Has Coca Hectares COCA CULTIVATION IN COLOMBIA Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares Coca Hectares The problem of illicit crops in Colombia Source: UNODC - SIMCI

Special Demographical Groups : 9155 ha. (16,21%) Forest Reserve : ha. (40,86%) National Parks : 3791 ha. (9%) Indigenous Reserves: ha.(12,23%) Special Territorial Units - STU Source: UNODC – SIMCI 2013 Coca cultivation in Colombia

Source: “Estructura económica de las unidades productoras agropecuarias en zonas de influencia de cultivos de cacao Pacífico, Meta – Guaviare, Putumayo – Caquetá y Orinoquía ” TOTAL SAMPLE WITHOUT LAND OWNERSHIP 68% OWNER 32% Nariño Without land ownership:38% With Ownership:62% LAND-TENURE IN COCA CROP ZONES PACIFIC REGION

Facts supporting the Process of Land- tenure Formalization under Alternative Development Interventions Million (COP) Invested by the Ministry of Justice / UNODC /UACT 1715 Targeted families Government’s intervention based upon a vulnerability perspective towards Regional Development Consolidation of territories Consolidation of territories to decrease the production (supply) of drugs. 2 municipalities selected with integral approach Cumbitara and Los Andes, Nariño Cumbitara and Los Andes, Nariño. 5 A 5 Allied Institutions (Ministry of justice, UNODC, UACT, Incoder, SuperNotariado y Registro ) “Alianza del Buen Gobierno ” (Good governance alliance) LAND-TENURE FORMALIZATION: A trial intervention to Support Alternative Development Case: Nariño

Colombian Peace Process Peace talks Agenda 1.Land Reform 2.Political participation 3.End of the conflict 4.Illegal drugs 5.Rights of victims 6.Peace deal implementation

Colombian Peace Process Peace talks Agenda 1.Land Reform 2.Political participation 3.End of the conflict 4.Illegal drugs 5.Rights of victims 6.Peace deal implementation

Colombian Peace Process 1.Land Reform : "Towards a new Colombian countryside: rural comprehensive reform". Access of land use. Unproductive land. Formalization of the land-tenure. Agricultural land determination and reserve areas protection. Development programs with a territorial approach. Infrastructure and land adjustment. Social development: health, education, housing, poverty alleviation. Encouraging agricultural production and cooperative and solidarity economy. Technical assistance. Subsidies. Credits. Income generation. Marketing. Labor formalization. Food and nutrition policies.

Integral plans of development with participation of the communities. Environmental recovery of the areas affected by illicit crops. Programs of prevention of the consumption and public health. Solution to the phenomenon of production and commercialization of drugs. Colombia Peace Process Solution to problem of the illicit drugs – the 4th point Agreements Perspectives: of the territory, of vulnerability, differentiating, integral intervention, with community participation and strengthening of the local capacities ¿Esta queda?

CONCLUSIONS The land-tenure is one of the biggest challenges of the Drug Policy in Colombia. Restoring and protecting the rural families’ rights would be reflected in the rescue of traditional Colombian values. Belonging to a consolidated community and guaranteeing their ownership of shelter and a decent way of life. The formalization process of land tenure must be framed under a comprehensive rural development policy. Only through efficiency in the process of formalizing land tenure, regional issues and liabilities could be resolved.

Javier Flórez Drug Policy Director National Ministry of Justice Bogota, Colombia