PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING - Learning requires Active engagement - People learn in different ways and have different rates of learning - Learning is an individual and group process The Primary Program: a framework for teaching. BC Ministry of Education. 2000

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning 1.All domains of development are important and interrelated Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009

How Young Children Learn All domains of development are important and interrelated Body Heart Mind

Core Competencies in the Draft Curriculum “At the heart of cross-curricular competencies is the principle that education should lead to the development of the whole child intellectually, personally, and socially.” THINKING COMPETENCY o Critical thinking o Creative thinking o Reflective thinking PERSONAL AND SOCIAL COMPETENCY o Positive personal and cultural identity o Personal awareness and responsibility o Social awareness and responsibility COMMUNICATION COMPETENCY o Language and symbols Defining Cross-Curricular Competencies: Transforming Curriculum and Assessment BC Ministry of Education -January 2013

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences

Predictable Sequence of Writing: Learning and Development ExplorationEarly Pre- Conventional Pre- Conventional EmergentDevelopingBeginning Scribbles Marks Drawing & Pretend- Writing Drawing & Random letters Drawing & Using Letter- Sound relationships words Meaning Words Spaces Topic developed (list) Simple sentences Some conventions

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children

I once heard Marie Clay say that we must teach to children’s strengths, not to their weaknesses, if we want to succeed. Anne McGill-Franzen Kindergarten Literacy

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated

Development and learning are NOT two parallel processes. Early biological underpinnings enable certain types of interaction, and through various environmental supports from caregivers and other cultural and social supports, a child’s experiences for learning are expanded. Learning is promoted and regulated both by children’s biology and ecology, and learning produces development. — National Research Council 1999, p. 100

LEARNINGLEARNING DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods

Vision High Low Years Habitual ways of responding Emotional control Symbol Peer social skills Numbers Hearing Graph developed by Council for Early Child Development (ref: Nash, 1997; Early Years Study, 1999; Shonkoff, 2000.) Language Sensitive periods in early brain development Kindergarten

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self- regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities

Emerging Student: requires direct support The teacher as… The Model showing, instructing, explaining, directing, making explicit, demonstrating, giving examples Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning Child EmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending Teacher ModelCoachAdvisorMentor

Developing Student: requires guided support The teacher as… The Coach showing, instructing, explaining, directing, making explicit, demonstrating, giving examples Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning Child EmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending Teacher ModelCoachAdvisorMentor

Applying Student: requires minimal support The teacher as… The Advisor Suggesting, reminding, prompting, monitoring, asking for elaboration Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning Child EmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending Teacher ModelCoachAdvisorMentor

Extending Student: Achieved independence The teacher as… The Mentor Extending, stretching, wondering aloud, exploring, “what if-ing” Kindergarten Learning Project Stages of Learning Child EmergingDevelopingApplyingExtending Teacher ModelCoachAdvisorMentor

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities 7.Children develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers

Adult-Child Relationships Enable Learning Teachers: Maintain safe and secure environment Respond with love and attention to young children Foster a sense of belonging and self- worth each child

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities 7.Children develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers 8.Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences. 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities 7.Children develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers 8.Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts 9.Children learn in different ways

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities 7.Children develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers 8.Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts 9.Children learn in different ways 10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competence

Why Play Based, Exploration and Inquiry? Motivation Naturally Differentiated Develops confidence Meaning filled Allows for repetition and consolidation Imagination and Creativity Opportunities for Self-Regulation

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities 7.Children develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers 8.Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts 9.Children learn in different ways 10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competence 11.Growth occurs when children are challenged to achieve just beyond their current level of mastery.

Learning occurs in a social context. “…zones” illustrate how people can stretch beyond their individual capabilities toward more mature cognitive functioning when they learn through social interactions. (Vygotsky, 1978) p. 46, Primary Program The Child Actual Development (Piaget) Zone of Proximal Development Frustration Level “Learning Zones”

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities 7.Children develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers 8.Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts 9.Children learn in different ways 10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competence 11.Growth occurs when children are challenged to achieve just beyond their current level of mastery. 12.Children’s experiences shape their motivation and approaches to learning (persistence, initiative, flexibility) Those in turn affect their current learning and development

Early Learning Pedagogy: 12 Principles of Learning Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, All domains of development are important and interrelated 2.Many aspects of learning and development follow predictable sequences 3.Learning occurs at different rates between and within individual children 4.Development and learning are interrelated 5.Early experiences have a profound effect on later learning and there are optimal periods 6.Development proceeds toward greater complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic or representational capacities 7.Children develop best when they have consistent and secure relationships with responsive adults and opportunities to develop positive ones with peers 8.Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts 9.Children learn in different ways 10. Play is an important vehicle for developing self-regulation as well as for promoting language, cognition, and social competence 11.Growth occurs when children are challenged to achieve just beyond their current level of mastery. 12.Children’s experiences shape their motivation and approaches to learning (persistence, initiative, flexibility) Those in turn affect their current learning and development

What is Developmentally Appropriate? A teacher’s moment-by- moment actions and interactions with children are the most powerful determinant of learning outcomes and development. Curriculum is very important, but what the teacher does is paramount. Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009

What is Developmentally Appropriate? Developmentally appropriate practice requires both meeting children where they are—which means that teachers must get to know them well—and enabling them to reach goals that are both challenging and achievable. Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009

What is Developmentally Appropriate? All teaching practices should be appropriate to children’s age and developmental status, attuned to them as unique individuals, and responsive to the social and cultural contexts in which they live. Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009

Stay Calm Careful not to increase pressure on the student Make Best use of Time Intentional choice of activities, focusing on key skills and abilities Maintain Opportunities for Play Scaffold rich mature play What is Developmentally Appropriate for Students requiring extra attention: Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009

Kindergarten Children Learn Best When.. Activities: are play based, involving exploration and inquiry are hands-on and engage all their senses are developmentally and culturally appropriate Environments provide for their social-emotional, intellectual, aesthetic, artistic, and physical development, and growth in social responsibility Adults work together to support them -teachers, families, school and community members- FDK Guide

FDK Environments and ELL Support 1. To Take advantage of the linguistically rich and nurturant classroom environment. 2. To Work collaboratively to contribute to richness. Tremendous opportunity…