Ruminant Digestion
What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas
The Ruminant System Mouth Anus Esophagus Large Intestine Rumen Reticulum Small Intestine Omasum Abomasum
The Ruminant System Mouth Salivary Glands Tongue and teeth grasp and tear forages Salivary Glands Produce saliva Provides lubrication for swallowing Provides fluid to rumen Buffers acid production
The Ruminant System Esophagus Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum Bidirectional functionality Allows food to pass both ways
The Ruminant System Rumen Largest section of the 4 compartment stomach system Ingested grass and hay is fermented by microorganisms Cellulose is broken down Amino acids are synthesized B-complex vitamins are produced
Inside the Rumen Rumen is lined with papilla which increases surface area for absorbing vitamins and amino acids
Inside the Rumen Microorganisms in the rumen are made up of a protist, fungal spore and bacteria Protist Fungal Spore Bacteria
The Ruminant System Reticulum Food bolus is formed by organ walls contracting on food Honeycomb texture helps squeeze out water Liquids ingested by animal by-pass rumen and go directly into reticulum “Hardware Stomach” If animal ingests metal or sharp objects they remain here to prevent injury to system
Inside the Reticulum
The Ruminant System Rumination Food bolus from rumen moves up the esophagus and returns to the mouth Animal chews food bolus into smaller pieces and swallows again Food returns to the reticulum for further processing The rumen and reticulum combined make up 80% of the volume of the 4 compartment system
The Ruminant System Forages Liquids Rumination Rumen Reticulum
The Ruminant System Omasum The 3rd compartment of the system which receives the ruminated food bolus from the reticulum Contains mayplies or folds that aid in reducing particle size of the food bolus by grinding together
Inside the Omasum
The Ruminant System Abomasum The 4th compartment of the system which receives the ground food particles from the omasum “True Stomach” Gastric juices are added to aid in digesting Muscle contractions mix food particles and gastric juices
Inside the Abomasum
The Ruminant System Small Intestine Absorbs nutrients Partially digested feed is mixed with bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice Breaking down food molecules into nutrients Nutrients are absorbed in the last 2/3 of the intestine Villi line the intestinal wall to increase surface area for absorption
The Ruminant System Cecum Non-functioning blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine
The Ruminant System Large Intestine Rectum Anus Absorbs water Minimal nutrient absorption Forms feces from indigestible waste Adds mucus membrane to aid in excretion Rectum Internal sphincter that controls excretion Anus External sphincter that controls excretion
The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Mouth Esophagus Rumen Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Reticulum Gall Bladder Large Intestine Abomasum
Tongue and teeth grasp food Ruminant Review Tongue and teeth grasp food
Ruminant Review Mouth
Ruminant Review Produces saliva
Ruminant Review Salivary Glands
Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum Ruminant Review Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
Ruminant Review Esophagus
Ruminant Review Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla
Ruminant Review Rumen
Ruminant Review Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure
Ruminant Review Reticulum
Ruminant Review Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small particles
Ruminant Review Omasum
Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles Ruminant Review Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles
Ruminant Review Abomasum
Ruminant Review Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and absorbs nutrients
Ruminant Review Small Intestine
Ruminant Review Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine that has no function
Ruminant Review Cecum
Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces Ruminant Review Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
Ruminant Review Large Intestine
Internal sphincter that controls excretion Ruminant Review Internal sphincter that controls excretion
Ruminant Review Rectum
External sphincter that controls excretion Ruminant Review External sphincter that controls excretion
Ruminant Review Anus
The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Mouth Esophagus Rumen Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Reticulum Gall Bladder Large Intestine Abomasum
The Ruminant System Small Intestine Rectum Mouth Esophagus Rumen Pancreas Omasum Anus Salivary Glands Cecum Liver Reticulum Gall Bladder Large Intestine Abomasum
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large intestine that has no function
The Ruminant System
Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum Ruminant Review Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure
The Ruminant System
Tongue and teeth grasp food Ruminant Review Tongue and teeth grasp food
The Ruminant System
Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces Ruminant Review Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small particles
The Ruminant System
External sphincter that controls excretion Ruminant Review External sphincter that controls excretion
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review Produces saliva
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and absorbs nutrients
The Ruminant System
Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles Ruminant Review Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food particles
The Ruminant System
Internal sphincter that controls excretion Ruminant Review Internal sphincter that controls excretion
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System