ANCIENT GREECE

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ANCIENT GREECE?

WHAT DO YOU WANT TO KNOW?

 Geography Geography  History History  Society Society  Politics Politics  Military Military TOPICS TO CHOOSE FROM

GEOGRAPHY

 Mountains  Lots of coast  Warm climate  Cities developed on the coast away from mountains  Rise of city-states  Why? GEOGRAPHY-SUMMARY

 Minoans -first settlers on Crete -developed a complex society -destroyed by natural disasters  Mycenaean -people from the mainland that conquered the Minoans HISTORY

 Acropolis- hill with most important buildings of the city -temples -public buildings SOCIETY

 Agora- marketplace/ assembly  What could they get there? -farmers sold produce -slaves -foreign items -craft items SOCIETY

Roles  Men- served in army, provided for families  Women- took care of home and young children  Boys- educated to be physically and mentally strong  Girls- learn domestic tasks from mothers SOCIETY

 Fun and games- festivals, Olympics SOCIETY

 Gov’t was initially kings  Wealthy land-owners became nobles and overthrew kings -Golden rule?  “Wrong or right, they have the might, so wrong or right, they're always right, and that's wrong... right?”-King Arthur in Camelot POLITICS

 Change in military changed politics  people wanted more power  People ruled by tyrants who promised reform  People overthrew tyrants and established popular governments POLITICS

 Originally horses and chariots  Then changed to hoplites MILITARY

Phalanx- a body of troops moving in close formation

 Every male required to serve  Forts were the location of original city- states MILITARY

 Fold a paper into third (like a letter) to make a brochure.  First page will be the title page  Other sections must include-  Geography  History  Society  Politics  Military  Write a paragraph explaining each one and add an illustration  Please make it neat and interesting to view ASSIGNMENT

SPARTA AND ATHENS

SPARTA

 Equals  Half-citizens  Helots (serfs or slaves)  How do you keep the Helots in line? SOCIAL GROUPS

 Boys learned to fight from a young age  Girls stayed home and learned how to manage a household  Property rights for women? ARMY

 2 kings (one for the army and one for home) GOVERNMENT  5 ephors- make sure king stays in line  Council of Elders

 Not a lot  Why? ART, GAMES, ARCHITECTURE

ATHENS

 Citizens  Metics (half-citizens, free but born outside Athens)  Slaves CLASSES

 King DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY  Aristocrats  Archons (rulers; 1-year terms  Draco  Solon  Cleisthenes

 Athens split into ten tribes  Each tribe chose 50 men to be in the Council of 500  Council proposed laws, but the Assembly (everyone) had to approve DEMOCRACY

PERSIAN WAR

 Darius (Persian emperor) conquered Asia minor, Thrace, and Macedonia  Stopped at the Battle of Marathon PART 1

 Xerxes (Darius’ son) invaded Greece  Halted at Thermopylae by 300 Spartans  Themistocles (Greek) tricked the Persians into attacking in the Salamis Strait PART 2

 How did the Greeks win?  Why do we have allies today?  Delian League- some city-states came together to provide greater protection  Led by Athens  Sparta did not join RESULTS

PELOPONNESIAN WAR

 Sparta and Athens were vying for power among other city- states  Why were they at odds with each other? THE BEGINNING

 Athenian leader that took advantage of the Delian League  Goaded Sparta into attacking PERICLES

 Sparta invaded the Attic Peninsula and surrounded Athens  Athenian allies attacked Spartan colonies  Spartans starved out the Athenians (with help from Persia) THE WAR

 Pericles died in Athens from plague  Greek countryside was devastated  27 years of war  Greece was weakened from internal fighting RESULTS

ART/ARCHITECTURE

 Archaic- stiff, unnatural poses  Classical- more free, more realistic  Hellenistic- Greek- like, came after Alexander the Great 3 STAGES

 Phi GOLDEN MEAN

PHILOSOPHERS

 Opened a school in Athens.  Taught the “Socratic Method”- a way of questioning the world  Trial/Execution SOCRATES

 Student of Socrates  Wrote down ideas in form of Dialogues PLATO

 Student of Plato  Taught Alexander the Great  Differed from his mentor ARISTOTLE

DRAMATIC ARTS

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

EMPIRE

 “Greek-like” way of life  Mixed Greek, Mediterranean, and Asian ways of life  Everywhere had an Alexandria HELLENISTIC WAY OF LIFE (AKA CULTURE)

PHILOSOPHIES

 Stoicism- the only thing we can control is ourselves  Epicureanism- purpose of life is pleasure  Cynicism- social conventions cause unnecessary concern  Skepticism- it is impossible to have perfect knowledge about anything 4 MAIN PHILOSOPHIES

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PTOLEMY’S GEOCENTRIC THEORY

VALUE OF PI (ARCHIMEDES)

ARCHIMEDES (EUREKA GUY)

THE ODYSSEY

 Setting: After the Trojan War  He’s had some adventures:  After leaving Troy, they land on the island inhabited by Cyclops  Escape Cyclops; land on Circe’s island  Travel to the Underworld and back; escape Circe  Sirens, Scylla, whirlpool  Cattle of the Sun  Stuck on island with Calypso  He returns home to see his home spoiled by suitors  He creates a plan to save his family STORY ABOUT THE GREEK HERO ODYSSEUS

 Greek heroes are : GREEK HEROES

 Greek heroes are not: GREEK HEROES

THE AENEID

 Setting: After the Trojan War  Aeneas has some adventures:  Explains the sack of Troy  Gets stranded in Egypt  Marries(?) the Carthaginian queen Dido  Leaves Carthage for Sicily  Travels to the Underworld  Reaches the Italian peninsula  Starts a war (not on purpose)  Founds Rome A STORY ABOUT THE ROMAN HERO AENEAS

 Roman heroes are : ROMAN HEROES

 Roman heroes are not: ROMAN HEROES