Form a Hypothesis Which are more likely to be dispersed by animals- the seeds of an angiosperm or a gymnosperm- explain Explain How do the three methods of categorization differ from scientific methods Form an Opinion Is it useful or misleading to categorize angiosperms in ways that do not reflect evolutionary relationships- defend your opinion

Ch 22 Introduction to Plants 22.4 Flowering Plants

Flowering plants are by far the most abundant organisms in the plant kingdom They evolved much more recently than did other seed plants.

Flowers and Fruits Angiosperms reproduce sexually by means of flowers After fertilization, ovaries within flowers develop into fruits that: Surround Protect Help disperse the seeds.

Ovaries Surround and protect seeds inside of flower.

Advantages of Flowers Attract animals that carry pollen with them to the next flower they visit More efficient pollination than gymnosperms.

Advantages of Fruits Fruit Structure containing one or more matured ovaries Seeds from the fruit enter the animal’s digestive system after it eats a fruit Seeds travel a far distance before leaving the digestive system.

Angiosperm Classification Cotyledons Number of seed leaves Monocot One seed leaf Dicot Two seed leaves.

Pg 543.

Angiosperm Diversity Grouped according to: Number of their seed leaves Strength and composition of their stems Number of growing seasons they live.

Monocot Vs Dicot Differences include the distribution of vascular tissue in stems, roots, and leaves, and the number of petals per flower.

Woody plants Herbaceous plants Made primarily of cells with thick cell walls that support the plant body Herbaceous plants Have stems that are smooth and nonwoody.