Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Kyoto and Beyond

Canada’s Kyoto Committments Committed to a 5.4% reduction from 1990 emissions levels by the period Canada emitted approximately 601 megatonnes eCO 2 in 1990 BAU is projected to be 809 MT in 2010 This equates to a required reduction of 240 megatonnes from 2010 BAU

The Big Picture

Some numbers to think about

Gap MT 720 MT BAU MT Target MT Canada’s Kyoto Committments

Some questions…. From what sectors of the economy do these GHG emissions originate? What fuels are the most important in terms of GHG emissions? On a per capita basis, how ‘GHG’ intensive are Canadians (i.e amount of GHGs annually)? What ‘everyday’ activities lead to these emissions?

Emissions by Sector (MT of eCO 2 )

Emissions by Sector - Direct and Indirect Emissions - MT in 2004

Emission Intensity of Fuel

What is a GJ and what is a megatonne? A gigajoule is 1 billion joules, equal to 278 Kwh. More simply, this equals running 2, watt lightbulbs for 1 hour Each year Canada consumes nearly 9,500 PJs of energy (1 PJ = 1,000,000 GJ), the equivalent of leaving 157 billion 100 watt light bulbs on for one week

And a megatonne... A megatonne is a million tonnes One tonne is 1000 kilograms 1 kilogram is 100 grams One tonne of CO 2 would completely fill the inside of an ordinary house

Fuel Consumption in Canada

Per Capita Emissions If 720 MT of eCO2 emissions per year, 30 million people, then… Each person is responsible for 24 tonnes of eCO 2 a year! However, if only personal actions are included, this equals 5.4 tonnes/year. The main activities which lead to this which we can directly impact are: transportation, home energy services, and waste

Sources of Personal GHG Emissions in Canada

What actions can we take? What do you think are the best actions which both society and we as individuals could take to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions?

Canada’s Greenhouse Action Plan Three step process Step 1 - Actions already underway Canada has already spent $1.6 billion on climate change Total emissions reduced - 80 MT Step 2 - New actions Actions largely concentrated in transportation and industrial sectors Total expected reduction MT Step 3 - The Remainder Technological development, provicial cooperation and community action Total expected reduction - 60 MT

Canada’s Action Plan: Steps 1 & 2

Where we have come from...

New primary energy in Canada:

The action plan for the residential sector Actions underway and proposed (goal - 8 MT) Improving EE of buildings (1.2 MT) EE evaluations (0.7 MT) Improving EE standards for equipment and appliances (1.6 MT) EE retrofit of 20% of housing (1.5 MT)

Emissions in the residential sector

Examples from the past: space heating

Examples from the past.. appliances

The action plan for the transportation sector Actions underway and proposed (goal - 21 MT) 25% improvement in new vehicle fuel efficiency (5.2 MT) Integrated planning to reduce urban transportation emissions (0.8 MT) Voluntary fuel efficiency improvements in air, rail, truck and marine sectors (2 MT) Increased ethanol blend to 35% of fuel mix (2 MT) Increased public transport (7 MT)

Emissions in the transportation sector

Fuel efficiency of transportation modes

How much CO 2 would result from a 50 km round trip commute? If vehicle is a mid sized car, perhaps 10 litres/100 km fuel efficient Therefore 5 litres per 50 km round trip 5 litres of gas equals GJ of energy in gas GJ equals 11 kgs of CO 2 (69 kgs CO 2 /GJ) Therefore, in one round trip of 50 km, this equals 11 kgs of CO 2. If this is done 240 times a year, this equals 2.6 tonnes of CO 2 !

The action plan for the electricity sector Actions underway and proposed (goal MT) incentive for wind power generation (2.8 MT) increased interprovincial trade and transmission (5.4 MT) 10% new generation from emerging renewable sources (3.9 MT) Clean coal technology (4.5 MT)

Emissions in the electricity sector

Emission intensity by province

What does this mean for the average family? In terms of appliance use...

Latest action in the news... Alberta Government to Buy 45% of Electricity From Green Producer 20 Year Contract Awarded to Canadian Hydro Developers

GHG Mitigation Initiatives: Electricity Sector

Carbon taxes - an economic instrument Carbon Taxes Objectives? Reduce emissions of CO 2 Create environmental beneficial incentives Equalize maringal cost across tax base Spur innovation Raise revenues How? CO 2 = (CO 2 /E)*(E/ES)*(ES/I)*(I/O)*O