1. Anthony Cox, Director OECD Environment Directorate 19 December 2017
Environmental
Performance
Reviews
Canada
2017
Anthony Cox,
Director
OECD Environment Directorate
19 December 2017

2. Canada decoupled economic growth from environmental pressures
Source: ECCC (2017), National Inventory Report ; IEA (2017), World Energy Statistics and Balances (database); OECD (2017), OECD Environment Statistics (database).

3. Ambitious environmental goals
“Improved partnerships with provincial, territorial, and municipal governments are essential to deliver the real, positive change that we promised Canadians.”
“No relationship is more important to me and to Canada than the one with Indigenous Peoples
- Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
Haida Totem Pole

4. A relatively clean electricity mix
Source: IEA (2017), IEA World Energy Statistics and Balances (database).

5. But Canada remains a carbon-intensive economy, reliant on fossil fuels
kg CO2 per US dollar of GDP, 2010 PPP, 2015
Source: OECD (2017), OECD Environment Statistics (database).

6. It is the fourth largest GHG emitter in the OECD

7. GHG emissions from transport and the oil and gas industry are rising
Transportation
Buildings
Electricity
Heavy industry
Agriculture
Waste
Source: ECCC (2017), National Inventory Report

8. Canada’s climate targets are ambitious
Source: ECCC (2017), National Inventory Report

9. Environmental taxes are needed to set the right price signals
1.1%
1.3%
Source: OECD (2017), "Environmental policy instruments", OECD Environment Statistics (database)

10. Low taxes on road fuels, notably diesel
Canada
Source: Adapted from OECD (2015),Taxing Energy Use

11. Canada-wide carbon pricing will strengthen price signals
Source: OECD (2016), Effective Carbon Rates.

12. Public R&D investment in the energy sector has increased
Source: OECD (2017), Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (database)

13. But little research is going into renewable energy and energy efficiency
Source: OECD (2017), Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (database)

14. Canada has potential for becoming more innovative
Green patents on higher-value inventions per million residents,
average, top 15 OECD countries
OECD (2017), "Patents", OECD Environment Statistics (database).

15. Opportunities to increase green infrastructure

16. More protected areas are needed to achieve international commitments

17. Air quality is generally good
OECD (2017), "Exposure to Air Pollution", OECD Environment Statistics (database).

18. Canadian households produced 30% more waste than in 2002
Residential waste
GDP
Population
Non-residential
waste
Source: Statistics Canada (2016), Materials Disposed and Diverted, CANSIM (database).

19. Urban wastewater management has improved

20. A relatively large share of Canadians relies on primary wastewater treatment
% of population connected to public wastewater treatment plants,
ten countries with highest share of primary treatment, 2015 or latest available year

21. Wastewater systems have been improved in First Nations communities
Source: INAC (2016); INAC (2012).

22. Environmental
Performance
Reviews
Canada
2017
Thank you