>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> 15 Film and Cinema By: Prof.Bautista Chapter 15

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>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Overview Cinema is a 20 th century form of art. A relatively modern art, it borrows from other arts like music, drama, literature, and is entirely dependent on technological developments such as photography, sound system, lighting system, etc.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Learning Objectives After completing your study of this chapter, you should be able to: 1.Understand the historical development of Philippine cinema; 2.Identify the different genres of Philippine Cinema; 3.Recognize the relationship between Philippine cinema and Philippine Society;

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Learning Objectives 4. Identify elements of cinema; and 5. Become aware of the problems confronting Philippine cinema.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> What is Cinema? Cinema is an act of presentation in lights that made picture possible to appear on a two dimensional surface.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> What is Cinema? It does not carry pigments on surface since the subjects are viewed in a certain limited space. “this art form is governed by drama, but unlike theatre, it is not presented in live medium although it is being experienced by live audience.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema a. Time – the most important element of cinema in as much as images of moving pictures move in time. The movie director has a free way to manipulate time in motion picture by contraction or expansion, breaks or leaps.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema Aspects of Time: 1. Physical Time – time taken by an action as it is being filmed and as it is being projected on the screen. In the cinema, the viewer must catch what is happening in real life.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema Aspects of Time: 2. Psychological Time – the emotional impression of the duration of the action that the viewer experiences as he watches a movie.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema Aspects of Time: 3. Dramatic Time – means the time taken up by the events, which are suggested in the movie.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema b. Space – the width and the depth of the perceived reality in a movie, which is made possible through Scale, Shooting Angle, Lighting, Frontal Lighting, Sidelight, Backlighting, Under lighting and Top lighting.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 1. Scale – refers to the size of the objects on the screen and its relation to the surrounding area.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 2. Shooting Angle – is a consideration given to a particular shot in relation to varied angles.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 3. Lighting– is a means used to give the illusion of depth in a film.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 4. Frontal Lighting– to eliminate shadow.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 5. Sidelight (Cross light) – to sculpt the characters’ features.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 6. Backlighting – tends to create silhouettes. The light comes from behind the subject can be positioned at many angles, this technique can create unobtrusively illuminated contour.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 7. Under lighting – suggest an off screen fire, it tends to distort features; it is often used to create dramatic horror effects. Example: Back row under lighting

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema 8. Top lighting – the spotlight shines down from almost directly above the face of the subject for emphatic purposes.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Elements of Cinema c. Sound – to amplify express the thoughts and feelings of a particular scene. Sound can actively shape how we perceive and interpret the image.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Cinematographic Techniques a. Cutting – this technique is sometimes called editing. It consists of joining one shot with another shot. It helps eliminate unwanted scenes.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Cinematographic Techniques The following are the transition devises of cutting: 1.Fade – it shows a change of time and place. It shows the old image fading out and a brief period of darkness comes to the screen before the new scene gradually becomes visible. 2.Dissolve – involves the superimposition of the last portions of the previous shot over the adjacent portion of the next shot to show two events happening at the same time.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Cinematographic Techniques The following are the transition devises of cutting: 3. Iris-in/ Iris-out – a commonly used devise in silent movies, it involves fades from the edges of the screen to the center of the screen. 4. Turnover – shows the whole screen turning over the continuing to the other side.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Cinematographic Techniques The following are the transition devises of cutting: 5. Camera Movement – camera movement helps us experience the gradual growth of ideas and emotions. The camera may move forward, backward, vertically, diagonally or horizontally. 6. Framing– it brings about the balance and unity. It can give a highly dramatic effect and can capture and hold the audience’s attention.

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