Country gallery Vietnam

Basic socio-demographic indicators, Total population (thousands)87,375 Surface area333,200 sq. km Annual population growth rate1.3 per cent Population aged (thousands)49,817 Percentage of women aged per cent Percentage of population in urban areas27 per cent Crude birth rate (births per 1,000 population)18.9 Under 5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)17 Human Development Index (HDI) – Rank/Value105/0.733 Life expectancy at birth73.7 Adult literacy rate90.3 per cent GDP per capita (PPP, $US)3,071 Per capita total health expenditure (Int.$)1.5 per cent (2004) Source: UN Population Division cited in WHO, UNAIDS and UNICEF, Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: Vietnam, July UNDP, Human Development Report 2007/2008

HIV prevalence and epidemiological status

HIV prevalence among various groups, 2007 Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. National Sentinel Surveillance Report. 2007

HIV prevalence among most-at-risk populations, Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam January 2006 to December 2007

HIV prevalence among various high risk and low-risk populations, Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam January 2006 to December 2007

Trend of HIV prevalence among IDUs, Source: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC), Ministry of Health, 2005

HIV prevalence among IDUs, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

Trend of HIV prevalence among IDUs in cities, Source: UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact sheets Vietnam 2006 update  National HIV prevalence among IDUs = 32.32% (2004)  HIV prevalence among IDUs in Ho chi Minh City soaring since 1993.

Trend of HIV prevalence among FSWs, Source: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC), Ministry of Health, 2005

HIV prevalence among FSWs, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006 Street-based sex workers have higher prevalence rate as compared to karaoke-based sex workers in Vietnam

HIV prevalence among STI patients, Source: UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact sheets Vietnam 2006 update  National HIV prevalence among STI patients = 2.56 (2004)  HIV prevalence among STI patients in Aung Giang and Hai Phong declining whereas in other cities on the rise, soaring in Kien Giang

HIV prevalence among TB patients, Source: UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact sheets Vietnam 2006 update  National HIV prevalence among TB patients = 5.30 (2004)  HIV prevalence among TB patients in Ho Chi Minh city declining whereas in other cities on the rise.

HIV prevalence among pregnant women, Source: 1. UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact sheets Vietnam 2006 update 2. UNAIDS, UNGASS Country HIV prevalence among pregnant women (2005) National average = 0.44%

Trend of HIV prevalence among prenatal women, Source: General Department of Preventive Medicine and HIV/AIDS control, MOH

HIV prevalence among general population yrs, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, 2005.

Projected HIV prevalence among general population yrs, Source: MoH, FHI, USAID, HIV/AIDS Estimates and Projections

HIV prevalence among population yrs, Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam, 2005

Estimated number of people living with HIV, Source: UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact sheets Vietnam 2006 update and UNAIDS Global AIDS Epidemic Report, 2006

Estimated number of people living with HIV, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. HIV/AIDS Estimates and Projections

Cumulative number of people living with HIV, Source: MoH, FHI, USAID, HIV/AIDS Estimates and Projections

% HIV infection by vulnerable groups, 2005 Source: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC), Ministry of Health, 2005

% of new HIV infections by risk group and by year, Source: Data has been taken from Baseline Scenario using Asian Epidemic Model, 2007

% of HIV infections by age group, Source: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC), Ministry of Health, 2005

Estimated new HIV infections, by risk group, 2007 Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. HIV/AIDS Estimates and Projections

Vulnerability

% of most-at-risk populations with comprehensive knowledge, Source: MoH, HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, Comprehensive knowledge of HIV&AIDS: Percentage of people who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions (UNGASS definition) Comprehensive knowledge of HIV & AIDS is very low among most-at-risk populations across the country.

% of most-at-risk populations with comprehensive knowledge, 2005 vs Comprehensive knowledge of HIV&AIDS: Percentage of people who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions (UNGASS definition) The knowledge among FSWs and IDUs has increased and for MSM currently stands at 55% Source: 1. UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam January 2006 to December UNAIDS, Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006

% of population yrs with comprehensive knowledge, by region, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Comprehensive knowledge of HIV&AIDS: Percentage of people who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions (UNGASS definition)

% of population yrs and yrs with comprehensive knowledge, by city, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Comprehensive knowledge of HIV&AIDS: Percentage of people who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions (UNGASS definition)

% of population yrs with knowledge of HIV prevention, by education, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, 2005.

% of population yrs with comprehensive knowledge, by wealth quintile, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Comprehensive knowledge of HIV&AIDS: Percentage of people who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions (UNGASS definition)

Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, % of population yrs who would buy fresh vegetables from a person with HIV/AIDS, 2005 Education levels completed

% of population yrs who think that a person with AIDS should be allowed to continue working, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, 2005.

Risk behaviors

% of IDUs who shared equipment and drug at last injection, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of IDUS who shared equipment and drug during the past 6 months, 2005 Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of IDUs who had sex with various female partners in the past 12 months Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of IDUs who have adopted safe behaviors to prevent HIV, Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam, 2005 Safe behaviors include: Using sterile equipment for injection and using condoms consistently during sexual intercourse

% of IDUs reporting consistent use of a condom with different sex partners, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of IDUs reporting the use of a condom the last time they had sexual intercourse, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of karaoke-based FSWs reporting the use of a condom during the most recent intercourse with various clients, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006 % of karaoke-based FSWs reporting consistent use of a condom with various clients in the past 12 months,

% of street-based FSWs reporting the use of a condom during the most recent intercourse with various clients, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006 % of street-based FSWs reporting consistent use of a condom with various clients in the past 12 months,

% of MSM who had sex with various female partners in the past 12 months, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of MSM who reported use of a condom with various female partners the last time and consistently in the past 12 months, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of males in high-risk occupations reporting the use of a condom the last time they had sex with FSW, 2000 Source: National AIDS Standing Bureau, FHI, HIV/AIDS Behavioral Surveillance round 1 Vietnam, 2000

% of men in high-risk occupations reporting sex with different people in the past 12 months 2000 Source: National AIDS Standing Bureau, FHI, HIV/AIDS Behavioral Surveillance round 1 Vietnam, 2000

% of men yrs who reported commercial sex in the past 12 months, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, City of residence Wealth quintile

% of population yrs reporting higher-risk sex in the past 12 months, 2005 City of residence Region of residence Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Higher-risk sex defined as “ sex with non-marital, non-cohabitating partner in the past 12 months”

% of men who have had multiple partners during the past 12 months, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey,  Women reported having no multiple partners for all age groups (0%)  The percentage was highest for never married men (12.6%).

% of men yrs reporting the use of a condom during the last higher-risk sex, 2005 City of residence Region of residence Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Higher-risk sex defined as “ sex with non-marital, non-cohabitating partner in the past 12 months”

% population yrs who have had sex before the age of 15, by wealth quintile and knowledge of condom, 2005 National average Female = 0.5% Male = 0.3 % Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Wealth quintile

% of population yrs who had sex before the age of 18, by wealth quintile and knowledge of condom, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, National average Female = 9.8 % Male = 3.2 %  More sex, more knowledge and more condom use! Wealth quintile

% of population yrs reporting premarital sex in the past 12 months, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Almost 5% men yrs have premarital sex in Vietnam

% of population yrs who had higher-risk sex during last 12 months, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Higher-risk sex defined as “ sex with non-marital, non-cohabitating partner in the past 12 months”

% of population yrs reporting the use of a condom the last time they had higher-risk sex, 2005 Age groups Place of residence Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, Higher-risk sex defined as “ sex with non-marital, non-cohabitating partner in the past 12 months”

National response

% of most-at-populations who have been tested for HIV in the last 12 months and who knew their results, Source: Ministry of Health, Vietnam. Results from the HIV/STI Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in Vietnam, 2006

% of population yrs who have been tested for HIV and who knew their results, during the past 12 months, 2005 Source: GSO/NIHE, Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicators Survey, 2005.

% of most-at-risk population reached by prevention programs, Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam January 2006 to December 2007

% of most-at-risk population reached by prevention programs, by age, 2004 Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam, 2005

% of pregnant women with access to antenatal care, by place of residence and service provider, 2002 Source: National Committee for Population, Family and Children; Demographic and Health Survey, 2002 *National average for antenatal care Got service from Doctor = 46.4 % Got service from Nurse/Mid-wife = 40 % * This is most recent data available.

Number of HIV+ pregnant women who are in need of and who received ART to reduce the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV, 2007 Source: WHO_UNAIDS_UNICEF_Towards Universal Access – Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, 2008

% of HIV+ pregnant women who receive antiretroviral to reduce the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV, 2006 Vs Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam January 2006 to December 2007

Number of adults and children with advanced HIV infection who are in need and who received ART, 2007 Source: WHO_UNAIDS_UNICEF_Towards Universal Access – Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, 2008

% of adults and children with advanced HIV infection receiving ART, Source: 1. WHO_UNAIDS_UNICEF_Towards Universal Access – Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam January 2006 to December Vietnam_UNAIDS, Epidemiological Fact Sheets, 2006 Update

% of adults and children with HIV known to be on treatment 12 months after the initiation of ART, 2007 Source: UNAIDS, UNGASS Country Report Vietnam January 2006 to December 2007

Socio-economic impact

Estimated number of people impoverished due to HIV & AIDS, Source: Martin G. Impact of HIV/AIDS on household vulnerability and poverty in Vietnam. Consultant Report. Futures Group. September 2004

Expected change in life expectancy on national and sub-national levels, Source: McLeod R. Socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Asia and the Pacific – Current and future scenarios. Asian Development Bank and UNAIDS, 2005 Life expectancy in Ho Chi Minh city is estimated to decline twice (0.2 year) as compared to national decline (0.1 year) by 2010, due to AIDS.

Poverty reduction achievements with-and- without AIDS, Source: Martin G. Impact of HIV/AIDS on household vulnerability and poverty in Vietnam. Consultant Report. Futures Group. September 2004 HIV & AIDS will slow down poverty reduction efforts at macro-level in the absence of effective intervention programs.

Resource need for HIV/AIDS programs of Government of Vietnam and Donors, Source: UNAIDS. Resource Needs Estimates, $35 million

Required budget for HIV and AIDS program from 2005 to 2010 YearHigh-investmentAverage investment ,413,00023,747, ,226,00027,307, ,720,00031,400, ,087,00035,480, ,094,00040,093, ,700,00044,507,000 Total (US$)286,240,000202,534,000 Source: Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC), Ministry of Health, 2005

Amount of national funds spent by government from domestic sources for AIDS, Source: UNAIDS, Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, 2006

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