Virtual Reality Lecture2. Some VR Systems & Applications 고려대학교 그래픽스 연구실

Contents Graphical Input Devices Some VR Systems VR Applications Problems

Graphical Input Devices Logical Input Devices 3D Input Devices

Logical Input Device Types Choice Keyboard Valuators Locators

Choice Return a choice that has been made Examples : function keypad, button box, foot switch Often provide sensorial feedback : lights, clicks, feel,…

Button Box

Keyboard Returns keys with specific meanings Letters, numbers, etc.

Valuators Returns a value for something Example : knobs Can usually specify gain, minimum, and maximum All locators can also double as valuators

Dial Box

Locators Return the location of the screen cursor Examples : mouse, tablet, trackball, touchscreen Display-to-Input ratio

Locator Display-to-Input Ratio DTI Ratio : the amount of cursor movement on the screen divided by the amount of hand movement Large : good for speed Small: Good for accuracy

Ways to Read an Input Device Sampling : What is its input right now? Event-based : Wait until the user does something

3D Input Devices Read a 3D position Return 3 numbers to the program : an (x,y,z) triple Some also return 3 more numbers to the program : three rotation angles Examples : digitizer, space ball, glove

3D Input Devices

Force Feedback in 3D

Force Feedback in 2D

Some VR Systems Stereo Viewing Shutter Glasses Head Mounted Display Head Tracking Hand Tracking

Stereo Viewing Using Stereoscopic 3D perception Measure the difference in angle from each eye to the object And, compute the distance to the object ( by an extremely sophisticated image processor in our brain )

Stereo Viewing A stereo pair of Images

Shutter Glasses Stereo computer image by opening a shutter in front of the eye Still looking at the picture in a box, instead of being in the scene…

Shutter Glasses

Head Mounted Display Use a separate monitor for each eye Mounting small monitors in some sort of head gear Not VR yet by itself !!

Head Mounted Display

Head Tracking How the computer sense the position and orientation of your head in real time? Sense and record the position and orientation of each of the sensor Minimum capabilities to be called VR!

Head Tracking

Hand Tracking Finger actions could be used to control a program, just like a mouse of joystick … Ex) pushing virtual menu button, grabbing an object … Use a dataglove

Hand Tracking

Force Feedback Haptic feedback –Feeling the virtual world, not only viewing and interact thru hand motions.. Haptic feedback glove –Use Hand actuators that could push back at you

Force Feedback

The CAVE Cave Automatic Virtual Environment Siggraph 92 Exibition Not a HMD, but a room where output of computer displays is projected onto the walls Projected images are in stereo by rapidly alternating between the two eye images for 3D effect ( A user wears a pair of stereo shutter glasses )

Some VR Applications Entertainment Augmented Reality Training Remote Robotics Distributed collaboration Visualization

Entertainment Definitely the biggest market The main force for driving down prices on VR hardware Ex) Game with other computers / players

Entertainment VR Gaming

Augmented Reality Bridging Virtual Environment and Real World Real Environment Virtual Environment Augmented Reality Augmented Virtuality

Augmented Reality Ultra sound Application Virtual Surgery

Augmented Reality Agent augmented reality location-aware interactive navigation/guidance system

Training When the cost of a mistake in Real Reality is very high Ex) Aircraft simulators, Train pilot training systems, Surgery simulator

Training Flight simulator

Remote Robotics

Distributed collaboration More collaborative than by telephone or video conferencing Virtual Conferencing

Distributed collaboration Virtual Battles Collaborative Design

Visualization VR as a visualization research tool  Anyone in the room not wearing a display would not be able to see the model at all

Problems Cost What’s it Good for? –None of the existing systems can solve common everyday problems Display Resolution Update Speed