The Beginnings of our Global Age Europe, Africa, and Asia

Why Europeans Searched for Spices

Portugal Who takes the lead and encourages exploration?

Prince Henry

Prince Henry decides to explore Portugal Wants to make Portugal a world power and hoped to convert people to Christianity. He encourages advances in mapmaking (cartography) and navigation He maps out the African coast Legacy: oes succeed in making Portugal a world power but does not succeed in spreading Christianity.

Seeking India Who is the Portuguese explorer that connects to India?

Vasco da Gama Suez Canal is not functional until 1860’s…therefore Portuguese explorers could not travel through the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and into the Indian Ocean. Early explorers could not navigate from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and into the Indian Ocean. The Suez Canal was not artificially manufactured until the 1860’s. This man made canal further connected Eastern Europe to Asia.

Seeking India Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama finds India Acquires a large cargo ship of Spices that proves to be highly profitable Creates a vast empire and trade routes that are open to the world

Other Explorers? Who is this guy? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raPLzhzxAeU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety _mode=1&safe=active

Christopher Columbus Main accomplishments of Columbus first European (except for the Vikings) to reach the Americas; he motivated other explorers

Treaty of Tordesillas Treaty of Tordesillas affected competition among European nations It intensified competition European nations felt they needed to claim land quickly before there was nothing left Line of Demarcation: divided European and non- European countries into 2 zones controlled by Spain and Portugal

Section 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa

Effects of European Exploration What effects did European exploration have on the people of Africa? Pgs. 90-93 European Footholds * Slave Trade New African States

Sec. 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa Europeans set up posts along Africa’s coast -bases to repair and resupply ships European Slave Trade—plantations—large estates, Europeans bought large #s of slaves to work for them. Expansion encourages Slave Trade African nations competed to dominate the slave trade African leaders resisted, but in the end were not successful.

New African States Depended on slave trade and waged war on neighboring tribes in order to dominate the slave trade. Asante Kingdom Osei Tutu: trading city of Kumasi Conquered neighboring kingdoms and unified Traded with Europeans exchanging gold and slaves for firearms Oyo empire Present day Nigeria Traded with Europeans and built an army to establish control. Traded at the port city of Porto-Novo MONOPOLY: is the exclusive control of a business or industry.

Cape Town Dutch immigrants built Cape Town—the first permanent European settlement Gave sailors a direct route to Asia Used to supply ships sailing to and from the East Indies Boers: Dutch farmers who settled around Cape Town—felt Africans were inferior

Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia

How Did European Nations Build Empires in South and Southeast Asia? Pgs. 95-98 Portugal * Netherlands Spain Britain

Portugal Builds an Eastern Empire Portugal first gained a foothold in Asia through Vasco da Gama. Portuguese ships had unmatched powerful cannons allowing them to gain control of the Indian Ocean and spice trade. Afonso de Albuquerque was able to gain favor with portions of Southern India. Goa: major military and commercial base for Portugal off the coast of India. Port Malacca: outpost in the East Indies. Outposts: distant areas under Portuguese control.

Portugal’s Legacy in the Area Was Portugal successful in making inroads into the region? Why? Mughal Empire

Netherlands: Dutch Dutch are able to establish STRONG presence in the region Strong Sea Power: used military force Dutch East India Company—formed by wealthy Dutch merchants. Sovereign powers…allowing them to build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory. Set up to protect trade by the Dutch Captured Malaca from Portuguese Influence remained up to 1900’s

Spain Seizes the Philippines Foothold in the Philippines: Filipinos were not united making it easier for Spain to gain control. Spanish shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru across the Pacific to the Philippines. They used the silver to buy goods in China. Large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asian nations.

Mughal India and European Traders Mughals: largest, richest, most powerful kingdom in Europe. Mughals allowed Dutch, Portuguese, French, and British traders to set up coastal ports, warehouses in Indian coastal towns. Religious conflict between Hindu and Muslim princes rekindled and civil war depleted resources. British and French established allegiances and organized company’s of sepoys: Indian troops. Power-Shift: the infighting, corruption, and conflict lead to British and Frances power. Britain and France then begin engaging in conflict and competition.

Section 4: Encounters in East Asia

European Contact With Ming China Portugal reached China from their Malaccan base in 1514. Limitations on trade China’s textiles and metalwork were superior to Europeans. Demanded payment in gold or silver. Allowed one solitary location to trade at Macao in present day Guangzhou. Dutch, English and other Europeans traded under the supervision of imperial officials.

Matteo Ricci Jesuit priest born in Italy. Made a strong impression on the Chinese. Jesuits, and other priests had little success spreading their religious beliefs in China. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M av-rG- z3O4&feature=player_embedded

The Manchu Conquest Manchus: ruled a region in the northeast, Manchuria, that had been influenced by Chinese civilization. Manchu armies seized Beijing and made it their capital. (1644) Qing Dynasty: adopted Confucian system of government. Shared government positions…1 Qing, 1 Chinese Kangxi extended Chinese power in Central Asia and promoted Chinese culture. Qianlong (Kangxi grand-son) expanded China’s borders to rule the largest are in their history.

Manchu Spreading Peace and Prosperity Rejecting Contact With Europeans Economy expanded Agriculture: crops from Americas were successfully introduced. Ag-Boom led to increased population 140 Million 1740 to 300 Million 1800 Rejecting Contact With Europeans Qianlong rejected trade from westerners (Ming). Lord Macartney (British) is an example of how not to interact. What happened? Analyze the decisions of Chinese trade.

Korea: The “Hermit Kingdom” Why was Korea known as the “Hermit Kingdom” Pg. 102

Foreign Traders in Japan Portuguese, Dutch, Spanish, and British welcomed. Traded for firearms to aid in control of people Jesuits: Francis Xavier spread Christianity Japanese questioned allegiance of Christians. Welcomed the printing press. Tokugawas expelled missionaries and killed thousands of Japanese Christians. Japan outlawed building large ships, and forbade travel. Nagasaki harbor: permitted Dutch ships to trade to keep informed on worldly affairs. Why the Dutch?