1. BK

2.  Outpost-Distant military station.  Sepoy-Indian soldier in an army set up by the French or English East India Company.

3.  In 1510 Portugal seized the Island of Goa, off the Indian coast. ◦ Became military & commercial base ◦ All under commander Afonso de Albuquerque ◦ Moved to end Muslim power and turn the Indian Ocean to the Portugal Lake.

4.  Afonso ruined costal towns and Arab fleets  Portuguese attacked Aden at the Red Sea  1511- Afonso took Malacca, murdering Muslims and becoming feared and hated.  In under 50 years they: ◦ Built and controlled a trade empire ◦ Military/Merchant outposts ◦ Gained control of the South ◦ Seized Cities in East Africa  Resupplying and repairing ships

5.  Had sea power but barely no spot in Asian Trade. ◦ Not enough strength or resources, unlike competitors.  In Goa: ◦ Attacked Muslims ◦ Destroyed temples of Hindu *Introduced Inquisition!* ◦ Sank Muslim ships, on way to Mecca. ◦ Sometimes got to trade and sometimes received the cold shoulder.

6.  Were the First Europeans to challenge the Portuguese.  Netherlands used to be a bunch of provinces and cities on North Sea.  Known for crafts and trade.  Due to Royalty (marriages) it become under Spain's rule in early 1500.  Protestant north provinces won their independence.

7.  1599 Dutch return to Amsterdam (1 year later)  Happy Return  Investor’s got all profit from adventure  Very successful  Late 1500’s warships and trading vessels made them the forefront of European commerce.  New power used to:  Set up colonies  Create trade posts  Built Cape Town Settlement

8.  1602 wealthy Dutch built The Dutch East India Company  Tried to become major power holders  1641 captured Malacca, opened trade with China  Enforced Monopoly in Spice Islands  Controlled shipments to Europe and Southeast Asia  Used Military force  Forged ties to local rulers  Married Asian Women

9.  Took over Philippines  Magellan claimed archipelago in 1521 for Spain  Within 50 years Spain colonized Islands and renamed them. ◦ Renamed for Kind Phillip II  Filipinos aren’t united, and easy to conquer Reformation  Spanish priests tried to convert the Filipino to Christianity  Missionaries tried spreading teachings in China and Japan  Philippines became the trading empire  Shipped silver across the pacific  Used silver to buy goods

10.  European traders now enjoyed strength and prosperity  1526 Babur founded Mughal Dynasty  Europeans were dazzled by India and their high luxury goods  European could not live up to the sophisticated Mughal Indians

11.  Lead manufacturer in: ◦ Silk ◦ Cotton cloth ◦ Sheer muslins ◦ Elaborate chintzes ◦ Handicrafts ◦ Ships  Mughal Empire was bigger and better than any other European Kingdom  Portuguese, Dutch, English, and French were allowed with time to build forts and warehouses.

12.  Conflicts between Hindu and Muslim princes due to the ended policy of religious toleration  Long silver war had worn out Mughal resources  Rulers increase on tax caused rebellion  Early 1700’s didn’t have many powerful leaders  Central government collapsed.

13.  Mughal power faltered, traders rivaled off of Indian princes.  Made alliances with officials and independent party's  Each side had a army of sepoys.  Mid 1700’s British and French still had been having a power struggle, resulting in war ◦ The fight soon included Asia and the Americas due to its rapid spread  Robert Clive- British East India Company Agent. ◦ Made army of sepoys and troops to drive the French  Forced Mughal emperor to recognize it should be collecting taxes  Late 1700’s company became ruler of Bengal ◦ Used wealth to influence India

14.  Great Britain dominated trade in what country from the late1700s through the 1900s? Portugal  How did Portugal gain control of trade in Southeast Asia? Seized off Island Of Goa under Afonso de Alberqerque  Who did Portugal lose control of trade routes in the Indian Ocean to in the 1600’s? Dutch  Who took over the spice trade from the Portuguese? Dutch