Péter Tóth - Krisztina Keresnyei PhD student, University of Pécs The ECoC Coming of Age - The Financial and Cultural Sustainability of the ECoC Programme in Pécs and the Micro-Regional Aspects

Cultural industry - ‚One part of the cultural economy consists of traditional cultural services (from education and public civilization, through art services to tourism). - The other part of the cultural economy consists of the cultural product industry… Products, produced by this industry, have stronger symbolic and cultural value than use’. (Enyedi, Gy 2004)

Cultural industry  Many studies separate education from cultural industry and mention it as an individual sector  There are definitions which restrict themselves to the arts only  The challenge of the cultural economy is to connect the elite and mass culture

Modeling the cultural industry Expectations from the model were:  To show how the cultural industry is organized  To separate but also to connect and to integrate its sub-sectors;  To differentiate between elite and mass culture but not to separate them  To point out the “hidden nature” of the economy

Modeling Cultural Industry Creative industryKnowledge industry Cultural goods and entertainment industry Art transmission Knowledge transmission Creative artSciences CreativityKnowledge Core competences Core areas 1. superstructure 2. superstructure

Modeling Cultural Industry  The art transmission –transferring tangible cultural goods as services. For example: galleries, museums, bookshops.  The knowledge transmission –Lecture or transfer of a scientific knowledge as a service. For example: education, professional conferences and forums, scientific books

Sectoral aspects of the European Capital of Culture project in Pécs Items Original allocation (million HUF)Affected sector Cultural programs, management9071,4 Art transmission, Cultural goods and entertainment industry Revival of Public Spaces and Parks8563 Cultural goods and entertainment industry Conference and Concert Centre7418 Art transmission, Science transmission, Cultural goods and entertainment industry Regional Library and Knowledge Centre6110Science transmission Zsolnay Cultural Quarter10899The complete creative industry Big Exhibition Hall1757Art transmission 158 Millio EUR

Guest nights in commercial accommodation (number) in Pecs Source: Central Statistical Office (2012) Information database

Number of catering facilities in Pécs Source: Central Statistical Office (2012) Information database

The impact of the ECoC project in the surrounding area  The object of the cultural industry’s development of Pécs was not focused on one city  The LEADER area surrounding Pécs is highly interested in culture and its positive impacts in the related sectors

The impact of the ECoC project in the surrounding area The LEADER projects scheduled to begin in 2010 will also focus on investments in cultural industry –activities in connection with the creation of thematic tourist routes, –local events at preserving and creating traditions, combined with ECC, –organization of creative camps and camps for preserving traditions, –foundation of democracy centers, creation of development programs, –starting and realizing a chain of activities in connection with fostering culture and local traditions; supporting the conditions of operation.

The spatial concentration of the developments  Two main types: –Settlements that gain significant financial resources from tourism (Orfű, Abaliget, Kővágószőlős. Main objective is service enhancement –Consists of the settlements that have a significant number of inhabitants due to suburbanization processes (Kozármisleny, Pellérd)

The spatial concentration of cultural developments in the surroundings of Pécs

LEADER projects for 2012  The commodification of local products, promoting access to markets  Establishment of non-governmental organizations,, operation and care of minority language support  Non-governmental and local initiatives and cooperation in promoting good practices  Support of organizing traditional camps and events  Local Development Programme for improving accessibility of small villages  Local arrangements for trade marks  Thematic tourist routes: creation and expansion

Conclusion  Questionable positive long-term effects  Less return than expected  For neighborur villages: LEADER programme can be an opportunity for developing

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