POPULATION Výukový materiál EK Tvůrce: Ing. Marie Jiráková Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Milan Smejkal Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

POPULATION A group of organisms, all of the same species, which occupies a particular area.

P OPULATION SIZE ( QUANTITY ) o POPULATION: THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS INCREASING AND GROWS IN FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS DECREASING IN UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS

POPULATION SIZE INFLUENCED BY: o BIRTH RATE – NATALITY o DEATH RATE – MORTALITY o MOVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS - MIGRATION

INDICATORS OF POPULATION GROWTH QUANTITY- the number of individuals in a population DENSITY - the number of individuals on a particular surface

POPULATION GROWTH The birth rate prevails over mortality o favourable environmental conditions (sufficient food, room, etc). EXPONENTIAL GROWTH o bad environmental conditions LIMITED GROWTH

POPULATION GROWTH – OTHER FACTORS o FLUCTUATION IN POPULATION GROWTH ( Depends on food, climate changes ) o VITALITY OF POPULATION ( Influenced by the number of individuals ) o POPULATION STRUCTURE (DEPENDS ON THE AGE OF INDIVIDUALS, GENDER, HIERARCHY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE) ) o POPULATION DENSITY AND PLACEMENT

T HE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS IN SPACE : Regular Accidental In groups

R ELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS They are: INSIDE THE SPECIES BETWEEN THE SPECIES

COMPETITION INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME KIND OR OF DIFFERENT KINDS COMPETE FOR: FOOD, LIGHT, SPACE, etc. COMPETITION CAN SUPPRESS OTHER SPECIES OR TO BE IN BALANCE BETWEEN SPECIES.

PREDATION One organism, the predator, obtains energy (as food) by consuming, usually killing, another, the prey.

PARASITISM One organism (the parasite) lives in or on another (the host), from which it obtains food, shelter, or other requirements. THE PARASITES, HOLOPARASITES ENDOPARASITES live inside the body of the host. ECTOPARASITES live externally on the host.

MUTUALISM An interaction between members of two species which benefits both. SYMBIOSIS – dissimilar organisms live together in close association. PROTOCOOPERATION – loose interaction. Co-operation – similar organisms live together in close association

W ORKSHEET - R EVISION POPULATION GROWTH IS INFLUENCED BY……………… POPULATION GROWTH MAY BE ……………..OR ……………. POPULATION SIZE IS INFLUENCED BY …………………………… VITALITY OF POPULATION IS INFLUENCED BY………………………. PREDATION IS ………………………………………………………… SYMBIOSIS IS ………………………………………………………..

SOURCE PAPÁČEK, Miroslav a kol. Zoologie. Praha: pedagogické nakladatelství, 2000, ISBN KVASNIČKOVÁ, Danuše. Základy ekologie. Praha: Scientia,spol.s r.o., 1994, ISBN BRANIŠ, Martin. Základy ekologie a ochrany životního prostředí. 2. vyd. Praha: Informatorium, ISBN