1. 2014 RELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Výukový materiál EK 01 - 01 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

2.  ecology:  deals with mutual relations between organisms and the environment  ecologic factors:  a) abiotic factors  b) biologic factors RELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THEENVIRONMENT

3.  it includes influences of abiotic environment  climatic:  light, heat, precipitation, atmosphere  topographic:  geographic location, altitude, relief  edaphic:  soil features ABIOTIC FACTORS

4.  stress factors = stressors:  unfavourable influences of the external environment  they endanger plants  tolerance of plants:  different ability to endure influences of the external environment  ecological amplitude of the species:  the scale of tolerance to a particular factor ABIOTIC FACTORS

5.  ecological amplitude of the species:  euryec – species with broad ecological amplitude  stenoec – species with narrow ecological amplitude  e.g. goosegrass species has broad ecological amplitude ABIOTIC FACTORS

6.  light and heat  only a small part of radiation is used by plants for the photosynthesis jen malé množství záření 1 – 2 %!!!  e.g.. photosynthetical active radiation (PHAR) > wave-length 400 – 700 nm  according to the adaptation of leaves to the light conditions:  a) heliophila (sun-loving plants) – Mexican needle grass (Stina tenuissima), English sundew (Drosera anglica)  b) shadow-loving plants –wood sorrel, ferns ENERGETIC FACTORS

7.  temperature – an important factor  plants in the mild zone can stand the temperature between – 5 o C and + 50 o C > eurytherm plants  stenotherm plants:  they live in extreme conditions  algae in hot springs  algae in snow or ice fields ENERGETIC FACTORS

8.  oxygen:  21 %  reduced content of oxygen > limiting factor for the growth of roots  carbon dioxide:  0,036 %  the only direct source of oxygen for the production of biomass  input into the atmosphere > soil breathing, breathing of living plants, fungi and animals ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS

9.  pollution of the atmosphere  the conclusion of the human economic activity  emission  imission  water:  it has a very fast circulation in ecosystems  hydrophyta – water lily  hygrophyta – yellow flag (yellow iris)  mezzophyta – bluegrass  xerophyta – succulents ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS

10.  more stable environment than atmosphere  rhizosphere:  soil space attached to plant roots  influenced by root excretion  it influences the soil quality  it depends on:  supply and a accessibility of nutrients  pH  the amount of nitrogen  water supplementation  aerating SOIL FACTORS

11.  oligotrophic– pine tree  mezzotrophic – grass  eutrophic – snowdrop, Turk´s cap lily  soil acidity –pH values  acidophyta – blueberry  neutrophyta – the most of our plants  alcalophyta – wall rue (asplenium ruta) SOIL FACTORS

12. RELATIONS IN THE EXOSYSTEM

14. WORKSHEET

15. COMPLETE THIS WORKSHEET

16.  KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716- 8947-5. SOURCES