New Media in Academic Programs
Issues about new media
Look back
New media as academic programs New Media master programsmaster programs Explore
What agencies are involved? Whose concern is the development of new media? Who should lead the development? ICT industry? Impacts of technology on people? (Techno-drivenness) People modifying technology?
Educational programs at schools and universities
Research institutions
Industry enterprises, big money
Organizations
EU, states, municipalities Development strategies, funding EU level
People communities, organizations Disappearing technologies: analog TV
Starting points to new media research Media as extensions of mind McLuhan … Media as mass production Benjamin … New as postmodern Baudrillard … Economics of information Arrow & Jonscher Machlup (1962) Porat (1977) Nora & Minc Information as economic good Value of information work Post-industrial society Bell (1973) Employment Space and time Giddens (1979) Surveillance and control media Privacy issue Giddens 1979 Beniger (1986) Internet not under First Amendment Extended social presence, telepresence Teleconferencing Short et al. (1976) Media as power Mass media society - information society – network society Parker (1973) New (at 70 ’ s tech that did not fit to theories of mass media Telephone Videotex Audio and video teleconferencing Photocopying Fax CMC Arpanet Attitudes on new technologies Legal Extending laws from old ‘ paper-based ’ to new media Information society theories Castells Shields and Samarajiva Ito (1981): johoka shahai Cultural-critical studies Focused on content Political economy, Marxist view Bourdieu: Relation between economy and culture Foucault linking technology to administrative imperatives Modernity and social change Bell Habermas ’ theory of public sphere Giddens ’ structuration ⇨ connected new media tech to cd-determination and action British Cultural/critical approach Media and power Critical studies New media reinforcing existing power: Technological determinism vs. social shaping of technology Tech has power to driven human actions Technologies are remade by the things users do with them (Lievrouw) Social shaping approach PICT – Virtual Society? Impacts of new media Palmqvist (1992) Globalization Issues: Gender Digital divide Rogers 1995 Parker and Hudson (1975) Parker and Mohammadi (1977)
Equality and digital divide wrt. geography, gender, age, economical status, education disabilities...
Intellectual property rights: open vs. closed, public - private...
Security
Privacy
Education New media litteracy What is lost? Quality education, additional value of ICT
Citizens’ Initiative Community Who has the power? =>Citizen’s Initiative Game
Theories of media and theories of technology Theories of technology (in general)
What theories are there about media? Media studies –McLuhan, Baudrillard, Benjamin...McLuhanBaudrillardBenjamin Socio-economical considerations –Network society theory (Castells)Network society Cognitive and Psychological theories –learning as knowledge construction (Bruner, Vygotsky...)Bruner –learning as knowledge sharing (Vygotsky)Vygotsky –exploration (Neisser etc.)Neisser
Historical perspectives History of (media) technology, media arcaeology (Huhtamo)History of (media) technologyHuhtamo History of media as a means of power History of homo ludens (Huizinga 1950)Huizinga 1950