2. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University1 Libraries, library services & library public Historical perspective & evolutionary trends

3. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University2 Explore: n What are libraries all about? n What role did they play & are playing in: SOCIETY, HUMAN AFFAIRS, HUMAN COMMUNICATION?

4. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University3 Role Library...”contributes to the total communication system in society.” “Though the library is an instrumentality created to maximize the utility of graphic record for the benefit of society, it achieves that goal by working with the individual, & through the individual it reaches society.” Jesse H. Shera, 1972

5. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University4 Library... n Devoted to organization, preservation & use of human knowledge records n Not only as a particular inf. system, but also as an social, cultural & educational institution u throughout human history u across boundaries of culture, nations & times

6. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University5 Role of libraries in: n Culture n Knowledge & scholarship n Organization of knowledge n Education n Governance n Popular access n Communication & use of information

7. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University6 Culture n Permanence & preservation - essential for continuity of a culture n Libraries provide memory external to any individual n Also provide for unity n Convenient storage & utilization n Preservation of records & artifacts of knowledge from graphic to images & sounds

8. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University7 Knowledge, scholarship n Idea of collecting world’s knowledge in one place u Alexandria Library, British Library, Library of Congress n Libraries fundamental for scholarly work, research n Model of librarian as a scholar vs. professional n Selection vs. all inclusive u ‘knowledge most worth having’

9. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University8 Organization n Availability u inventory of a collection u of many collections - union catalog u of writings - bibliography u librarian as bibliographer n Access u bibliographic organization u subject organization - classification, indexing... n Arrangement u physical arrangements u intellectual arrangements

10. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University9 Education n Early connection between academic education & libraries u started as “book stationaries” n Indispensable today n Popular education & libraries u American public library movement u Children & libraries n Growth of school media centers

11. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University10 Governance n Earliest libraries: rulers, courts n Depositories of laws, regulations, decrees n Copyright - intellectual rights n Dissemination of inf. by government n Use in political processes n Intellectual freedom u constant battle, controversy

12. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University11 Communication & use n Related to organizations, disciplines, businesses u support of their mission n Special libraries & inf. centers n Information explosion u growth of inf. industry n Communication explosion u growth of networks n Changing orientation to access & use

13. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University12 Popular access n From Romans: u facilities for everyone seeking knowledge u “made the talents of men property of all” n Orientation to group of users u active seeking wider audience u local identity, structure n Modern library u emerged at the end of 19 cent. u continues to this day u but also in transition

14. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University13 Post-industrial, post- capitalist society - change "The basic economic resource is no longer capital, nor natural resources (the economist’s “land”) nor "labor." It is and will be knowledge.. Value is now created by "productivity" and "innovation," both applications of knowledge to work. The leading social group of the knowledge society will be "knowledge workers" - knowledge executives who know how to allocate knowledge to productive use, knowledge professionals, knowledge employees." Drucker, 1994

15. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University14 Transitional challenges n Inf. increasing in value u not automatic increase in value of library & inf. services in present configuration & structure n Changes in models u from ‘just-in-case’ to ‘just-in time’ to ‘just-for-you’ u access becomes paramount - electronic resources & networks

16. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University15 Transitional challenges (cont.) n New ‘players’ in inf. serv. u increased competition u growing competition for funds n Needs for justification & evaluation of results u From users & use perspectives u What provided? What value?

17. Tefko Saracevic, Rutgers University16 On the horizon n Evolving a ‘new’ library beyond the modern one n Digital libraries n Effect of technology n Through open access create libraries for individuals u individual selection & access u create private spaces n Librarian as enabler u Importance of knowing how individuals use information