African Americans in the South Post-Civil War

Gains for Former Slaves 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment Able to travel/leave Reunify with families Educate themselves Hold Political office 40 acres and a mule

Republicans in the South Scalawags – white southerners who joined Republican party –Wanted industrialization –Supported Union in war –Disliked power of wealthy planters Carpetbagger – Northerner who moved to the South –Moral duty to help former slaves –Entrepreneurs or Land Seekers –Exploit South’s turmoil African Americans Did not have the same goals

Rights Slowly Taken Back Lack of Political Majority Former Confederate officials elected when eligible Resentment of Freedmen's Bureau/ occupying troops Johnson withdraws 40 acres and a mule Southern Homestead Act of 1866 set 44 million acres of poor land aside for freed blacks Passage of black codes and state voting laws limit rights of blacks Ku Klux Klan and other vigilante groups increased violence

Weakening of Radical Republicans Political scandals –Grant’s Administration accepted Bribes Economic problems –Panic of 1873 Restoration of political rights to former Confederates Supreme Court Undid social/political changes –Slaughterhouse Case 1873 –US vs. Cruikshank 1876 –US vs. Reese 1876