Fossils of the family Hominidae

Australopithecus afarensis 3.9-3my cc Chimp-like skull with human-like teeth post cranial skeletal structure more human-like Bipedal Africa

Lucy Junvenile Specimen

Australopithecus africanus 3-2 my Very much like A. afarensis, but larger body and brain size cc jaw parabolic Bipedal Africa

Australopithecus africanus

Homo habilis “handy man” my cc Brain shape more human than Australopithecus Face projects less than Australopithecus Post cranial very human-like First evidence of tool use Africa

Oldwalan tools Homo habilis

Homo erectus 1.8my to 300,000 Face still protrudes, thick eyebrows, no chin cc Post cranial=human Evidence they used fire Africa, Asia, and Europe Tools more sophisticated than H. habilis

Homo erectus

H. erectus tools Acheulean handaxes

Homo sapiens neaderthalensis 230,000-30,000 yrs 1450cc Protruding jaw and receding forhead mid-facial protrusion Post cranial human-like and heavy First evidence of burials Tools more sophisticated than H. erectus Evidence of medical care Europe and Middle East

Homo sapiens neanderthanlensis

Tools by H. sapiens Mousterian Tools

Homo sapiens Modern 1350cc 195,000 yrs ago-today Cro-Magnon 40,000 yrs tools become more sophisticated, made out of a variety of materials such as bone, wood and antlers First carved figures of animals and people 20,000 yrs first cave paintings Over the last 100,000 yrs jaws and teeth have reduced and the skeletal structure has become less robust. 10,000 yrs Agriculture

Homo sapiens Cro-Magnon

Needle made of bone

As cranial size became larger, females with wider hips are more likely to survive child birth; however, there is a limit to the width of hips and staying bipedal. Thus babies who are born more immature are favored. Homo erectusHomo sapiens Cro-Magnon

Cave Painting Lascaux France

Websites Time Space Chart Summary of Hominid Line Hominid Species