1. Antiquity of Humanity Later Human Evolution: Genus Homo

2. Evolution of Humans

3. Homo habilis (ca. 2.5-1.6 mya)

4. First Stone Tools: Oldowan Pebble Choppers

5. Homo erectus (ca. 1.6 mya-300 kya) First Humanoid Out of Africa-spread to Middle East and Asia. First Humanoid to have controlled use of fire. Characteristics: Larger brain (900-1250 cc) Larger body size (5’5’’-6’) Acheulian Hand Axes

6. Homo erectus (ca. 1.6 mya- 300 kya)

7. Acheulian Hand Axes

8. Archaic Homo sapiens (ca. 800-400 kya) Populations located in Africa, Middle East, Southern Europe and Asia Characteristics: Large brain size (1100-1400 cc) More complex campsites, etc. Advanced Acheulian tools

9. Archaic Homo sapiens

10. Advanced Acheulian Tools

11. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Neandertals (ca. 100-32 kya) Species restricted to Europe, eastern Middle East during height of Ice Age Evolved to be specifically cold-adapted: Short and stocky body type Large nose (nasal passages for warming air) Barrel chest (also for warming air) Long, low, thick skull but with large cranial capacity (1250-1750 cc)

12. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Neandertals (ca. 100-32 kya)

13. Not the “Cave Men” they were made out to be! First to bury dead First to create art on rocks and bone Elaborate Stone and Bone Tool technology Mousterian tools Some degree of altruism Old Man of La Chapelle Individual from Shanidar

14. Mousterian Tools: Period of stone tools associated with Neandertals

15. Burial at Tabun, Mt. Carmel, Israel

16. Shanidar 1: Eye Socket crushed-blinded in that eye

17. Homo sapiens sapiens ca. (130 kya…) Fully modern humans Probably evolved in Africa and spread to other regions to replace Archaics and Neandertals. Upper Paleolithic tool technology Elaborate Cave Art

18. Homo sapiens sapiens

19. Upper Paleolithic Tools

20. At What Point Did We Become “Human”? Australopithecines Bipedal, but still ape-sized brain Homo habilis First to use tools Homo erectus Tools, Out of Africa, Use of Fire Homo sapiens neandertalensis Altruism, Burial of Dead Homo sapiens sapiens Modern appearance, Use of art on large scale