C ELL S TRUCTURE AND F UNCTION Georgia Standards: S5L3a. Use magnifiers such as microscopes or hand lenses to observe cells and their structures S5L3b. Identify parts of a plant cell and animal cell and determine the function of the parts.

W HY IT M ATTERS … A cell uses parts that work together like a team. Each part has a specific job, and it works with the other parts to reach a common goal. Your body is made up of a trillions of cells. Healthy cells work together for a healthy you.

C ELLS Main Idea: All living things are made of cells. To stay alive and healthy, cells need food, water, and a way to eliminate waste. :)

C ELLS A single cell is the smallest structure that carries out the activities necessary for life. Inside a cell are structures that perform certain functions (like a factory). Different parts of the factory produce or control different things. One gets food or water. Another part keeps the cell clean. Other parts are in charge of reproducing. Just like a factory, all parts of the cell must work together to run smoothly. An organism cannot survive without cells working properly.

P LANT AND A NIMAL C ELLS Plant and animal cells may look different but they share similar feature. They have at least three features in common: Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm

W HAT IS A C ELL ? W HAT ARE THREE THINGS THAT ALL CELLS NEED ? W HAT ARE THREE FEATURES THAT ALL CELLS HAVE IN COMMON ?

P ARTS OF P LANT AND A NIMAL C ELLS

P LANT AND A NIMAL C ELLS Cell Membrane: The outer covering of the cell Water and food enter through the cell membrane Wastes leave through the cell membrane Plant CellAnimal Cell

P LANT AND A NIMAL C ELLS Nucleus: Control center of the cell Carries information for reproduction and directs all cell activities

P LANT AND A NIMAL C ELLS Cytoplasm: Gel-like material that surrounds all parts of the cell within the membrane Contains the nucleus and the cell’s organelles

O RGANELLES Small structures within the cell that have a specific job

P LANT C ELLS

P ARTS OF A P LANT C ELL Cell Wall:  Gives the plant cell extra support

P ARTS OF A P LANT C ELL Vacuole:  A tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell  Stores food, water, and wastes

P ARTS OF A P LANT C ELL Mitochondria:  An organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy

P ARTS OF A P LANT C ELL Endoplasmic Reticulum  A membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials.

P ARTS OF A P LANT C ELL Golgi Body:  A cell organelle made up of a system of membranes in which proteins are processed

P ARTS OF A P LANT C ELL Chloroplast:  An organelle found in the cells of green plants, where photosynthesis takes place.

A NIMAL C ELLS

P ARTS OF AN A NIMAL C ELL Vacuole:  A tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell  Stores food, water, and wastes

P ARTS OF AN A NIMAL C ELL Mitochondria:  An organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy

P ARTS OF AN A NIMAL C ELL Endoplasmic Reticulum  A membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials.

P ARTS OF AN A NIMAL C ELL Golgi Body:  A cell organelle made up of a system of membranes in which proteins are processed

N AME THE PARTS OF A CELL THAT ARE FOUND ONLY IN THE PLANT CELL. W HERE IS CYTOPLASM FOUND ?

R EAD THE CLUES. I DENTIFY THE ORGANELLE THAT IS BEING DESCRIBED. The cell’s control center Provides structure to the cell Stores material Transport Provides energy _________________ ClueOrganelle Nucleus Cell Membrane Vacuole Golgi Body Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria

C ELL T RANSPORTATION A cell membrane holds cell matter inside but allows water, gases, and wastes to pass through. There are two types of transportation

P ASSIVE T RANSPORT Cells use no energy in passive transport. Substances diffuse across the cell membrane. They move from areas of high concentration to low concentration. High Concentration Low Concentration

D IFFUSION “A process that spreads substances through a gas or liquid.” The simplest kind of passive transport Substances diffuse from regions of high concentration to low concentration Transports many gases into and out of cells Example: The smell of dinner from across the room

O SMOSIS “The diffusion of water across the membrane” Specialized form of diffusion Often stops substances dissolved in the water Often keeps water inside cells

A CTIVE T RANSPORT Cells must use energy to move materials across a cell membrane from areas of low concentration to high concentration. Cells form vesicles to do this Vesicle

A CTIVE T RANSPORT Sometimes, large proteins in the cell membrane help move materials in and out Proteins act as tunnels that allow certain materials to pass

U SING E NERGY All living things need energy to survive.

P HOTOSYNTHESIS “To make food by harnessing the energy of sunlight” :)

C ELL D IVISION :)