CE 401 Climate Change Science and Engineering poster presentations 28 February 2012 exam on first half of class: review sessions: today 6pm Sloan 167

CE401 Survey Results With reference material

2005 BP Statistical Review of World Energy Oil Consumption Millions of Tons

2005 BP Statistical Review of World Energy Coal Consumption Millions of Tons (oil equivalent)

CO2 Emissions from fuel combustion PER CAPITA

Top 20 CO 2 Emitters & Per Capita Emissions 2009 Global Carbon Project 2010; Data: Gregg Marland, Thomas Boden-CDIAC 2010; Population World Bank CHINA USA INDIA RUSSIA JAPAN GERMANY IRAN SOUTH KOREA CANADA UNITED KINGDOM MEXICO SAUDI ARABIA SOUTH AFRICA INDONESIA ITALY BRAZIL AUSTRALIA FRANCE (inl. Monaco) POLAND SPAIN Total Carbon Emissions (tons x 1,000,000) Per Capita Emissions (tons C person y -1 )

Fossil Fuel CO 2 Emissions: Top Emitters Global Carbon Project 2010; Data: Gregg Marland, Tom Boden-CDIAC Carbon Emissions per year (C tons x 1,000,000) China USA Japan Russian Fed. India Time (y)

some comments on ethics of climate change

rectangle width = population, height = average per capita emissions from that region

cumulative emissions 1880 – 2004 – who did it

ethical considerations: 20 yrs of awareness and emissions are increasing everywhere global problem  global solution? future generations – pay now for potential benefits later, or pay later (larger amount?, cannot control later?, hope for the technological solution?, stop gap measures?) CC policy should not aggravate existing disparities between regions who should pay - ability to pay, polluter pays, contribution to the problem should we limit GHG production via international agreements? food production - CC will adversely affect mainly poor countries ethics of special interests - e.g. oil producing countries is global warming a global blessing? ecological protection - e.g., what is a forest, reforestation vs ecosystems e.g. Kyoto defines deforestation as a loss of 80-90% of an areas tree cover --> can log out 3/4 of a forest without penalty clear cutting and tree replacement does not count as deforestation technology transfer human health - vector born diseases and public health be wary of proposals for action that do not respond to the problem if climate change is not caused by humans, what are the ethical issues?

toe per capita

Change in CO 2 Emissions from Coal (2007 to 2009) Global Carbon Project 2010; Data: Gregg Marland, Thomas Boden-CDIAC % of growth China US India World CO 2 emissions (Tg C y -1 ) 350

Total global energy demand 70% increase (International Energy Outlook 2006)

ppp=purchasing power parity

by region; mtoe = million tonnes of oil equivalent

Global Energy Useage industrialized nations < 20% of population 75% of carbon emitted since 1950 < 50% of today’s carbon emissions developing nations > 80% of population 25% of carbon emissions since 1950 > 50% of today’s emissions economic & population growth --> huge emissions increases in the future