1. Global Warming & the Kyoto Protocols

2. The topic of global warming inspires heated debates among world leaders. The topic of global warming inspires heated debates among world leaders. Industry representatives & (vs.) environmentalists! Industry representatives & (vs.) environmentalists!

3. there is a strong consensus in the scientific community that the greenhouse effect is a real phenomenon, and that humans are adding to concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. there is a strong consensus in the scientific community that the greenhouse effect is a real phenomenon, and that humans are adding to concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, much remains unknown about the long- term consequences of (anthropogenic) activity on the climate. However, much remains unknown about the long- term consequences of (anthropogenic) activity on the climate.

4. Greenhouse gases--water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone trap heat in the atmosphere instead of allowing it to radiate back into space. Greenhouse gases--water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone trap heat in the atmosphere instead of allowing it to radiate back into space. However, human activities are increasing the levels of these gases in the atmosphere, causing an 'enhanced greenhouse effect' that traps more heat. There is evidence that climate warming is already underway. However, human activities are increasing the levels of these gases in the atmosphere, causing an 'enhanced greenhouse effect' that traps more heat. There is evidence that climate warming is already underway. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that the twentieth century was the hottest in the last thousand years. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that the twentieth century was the hottest in the last thousand years.

5. The Kyoto protocols The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases that cause climate change. The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases that cause climate change. The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was agreed on 11 December 1997. It was agreed on 11 December 1997.

6. Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases. Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases.

7. The Kyoto Protocol now covers more than 170 countries globally and more than 60% of countries in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions. As of December 2007, the US and Kazakhstan are the only signatory nations not to have ratified the act. The Kyoto Protocol now covers more than 170 countries globally and more than 60% of countries in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions. As of December 2007, the US and Kazakhstan are the only signatory nations not to have ratified the act.

8. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted an average global rise in temperature of 1.4°C (2.5°F) to 5.8 °C (10.4°F) between 1990 and 2100). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted an average global rise in temperature of 1.4°C (2.5°F) to 5.8 °C (10.4°F) between 1990 and 2100).

9. Continuing Germany has reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 17.2% between 1990 and 2004. Germany has reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 17.2% between 1990 and 2004. The energy policy of the United Kingdom fully endorses goals for carbon dioxide emissions reduction and has committed to proportionate reduction in national emissions on a phased basis. The energy policy of the United Kingdom fully endorses goals for carbon dioxide emissions reduction and has committed to proportionate reduction in national emissions on a phased basis.

10. In 1990, France shut down its last coal mine, and now gets 80% of its electricity from nuclear power and therefore has relatively low CO2 emissions In 1990, France shut down its last coal mine, and now gets 80% of its electricity from nuclear power and therefore has relatively low CO2 emissions The United States was, as of 2005, the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels. The United States was, as of 2005, the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.

12. Regions, from largest emitter to the smallest. 1. The USA & Canada: 1. The USA & Canada: 2. Western Europe (plus Germany) 2. Western Europe (plus Germany) 3.Communist East Asia (China, North Korea, Mongolia, etc.) 3.Communist East Asia (China, North Korea, Mongolia, etc.) 4. Eastern Europe, Russia, and Former Soviet States: 4. Eastern Europe, Russia, and Former Soviet States: 5.India & Southeast Asia (plus South Korea): 5.India & Southeast Asia (plus South Korea): 6. Australia, Japan & other Pacific Island States 6. Australia, Japan & other Pacific Island States 7. Central & South America (includes Mexico and the Caribbean) 7. Central & South America (includes Mexico and the Caribbean) 8. The Middle East 8. The Middle East 9. Africa 9. Africa As of 2000. As of 2000.

17. http://uk.reuters.com/article/homepag eCrisis/idUKN23640879._CH_.24202 0080123