ARE NATIONAL WATER AND SANITATION OBJECTIVES BEING ACHIEVED BY DISTRICTS IN UGANDA? A review of service delivery, planning monitoring & evaluation in Tororo and Wakiso Districts

Introduction WSS a key priority of government Major reforms (decentralisation, DRA, SWAP) Integrated into the PEAP (the PRSP) Coherent goals and strategies (excl sanitation) Substantial increases in funding since 1998 BUT Q: Are WSS goals being achieved on the ground? –Examine the rural water & sanitation sector –Equity and Sustainability of services in 2 districts –Analysis of Planning and M&E Systems A: Increasing inequity the deeper you dig

Water and Sanitation Situation in Local Government National Safe water coverage from 39% in 97 to 51 % in 2003 District variations from 25% to 75% safe water coverage Coverage currently calculated only at district –base on population served by existing water points (e.g. 300 per borehole) What about equity and sustainability? What about lower levels?

Equity Analysis Calculated Water Point Density –Across subcounties in district –Across parishes in 2 subcounties per district –Calculated standard deviation and compared it to the mean water point density DISTRICT Subcounty Parish Village

Inconsistent Data Type of technologyWakisoTororo DWD Data District Data DWD Data District Data Deep Borehole Shallow well MotorisedDrilled Well-23-- Protected Spring GFS taps288-- Community Tank15--- Other2--- Total

Inequity in distribution between Subcounties in Wakiso

Even More Inequity between Parishes Local GovtICWP Density Standard Deviation SD as % of Ave. ICWP Wakiso District % Kasanje S/c % Masuliita % Tororo District % Kwapa S/c % Nawanjofu S/c %

Increased Inequity over time

Wakiso

Sustainability Analysis Reported Functionality of Water Points –3.5% not functioning Tororo (questionable) –All functioning in Wakiso (not true) Sustainability Snapshot: What is the likelihood of a water point to remain functioning in the future? –2 Water points in each parish examined –Looked at finance, technical skills, spare parts and equipment –Focus group discussions –Well served parishes better prepared

Sustainability in Tororo CategoryKwapa s/c – well serv.Nawanjofu s/c - poor Kabossa II (BWP) Morukebu (BWP) Nawanjofu (BWP) Suni (BWP) Financial2222 Technical2211 Equipment2211 Spare parts (58.3%)8 (66.6%)5 (42%)

What about Sanitation? Sustaining good sanitation behaviour difficult –Deterioration since move away from project funding Poor condition of facilities Communities had limited information and no technical support Ineffective strategy for household sanitation –Demanding guidelines

Problems in Planning Guidelines are not followed in their entirety No adequate indicator for equity to assist planning decisions –Geographical coverage inadequate –Only report on no. people served Political influence in allocating water points –No incentives to adhere to guidelines Community frustration –No feedback, Lack of understanding of roles Capital contributions not enforced –Weak political commitment

Problems in M&E Emphasis on vertical accountability not management and reporting to communities Monitoring of condition of infrastructure only Sanitation indicators too numerous and some difficult to measure Lack of skills to undertake analysis Poor integration of other players in the district Difficulties in size and management of PAF No structure performance measurement against national policies

Conclusions Despite coherent policies, strategies and increased funding: More for some, and none for some Refine LG planning & M&E –Use WP density + GIS maps in planning –Performance measurement of districts and subcounties Align districts incentives to deliver on national goals

Overview of Sector Reforms Decentralisation policy in 1997 Key WSS policy Reforms –Rural Water and Sanitation responsibility decentralised to local government –Directorate of Water Development responsible for policies, planning & Quality assurance –Demand Responsive approach –Emphasis of software, including household sanitation –Participatory bottom up planning within districts

Overview of Sector Reforms (Cont.) Increases in Financing –Gained from HIPC debt relief in 1997 and 2002 –Donors moved from project to budget support –10 x increase in GoU sector funding from $3million to $31 million –Significant increases for rural water supply to local governments as earmarked conditional grants Move towards SWAP –Development of Sub-sector strategies & plans –Donor coordination mechanisms