Is it made of cells? 15. Sand 16. Worms 17. Leaf 18. Water Flowers Skin Proteins Rocks Milk Bone Lungs Hamburger DNA Calcium Apples Chromosomes Saliva atoms 15. Sand 16. Worms 17. Leaf 18. Water 19. Molecules 20. Sugar 21. Chlorophyll 22. Paramecium 23. Blood 24 Cell membrane 25. Mushrooms
From Carbon to Coffee Bean Amazing Cells http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
From carbon to coffee bean Smallest-----Largest Carbon atom Adenine Glucose Phospholipid Antibody Ribosome Influenza virus E. coli Bacterium Mitochondria Baker’s yeast Sperm cell RBC Skin cell Human Egg Paramecium Amoeba Proteus Grain of Salt Coffee Bean
Levels Of Organization Cells are the basic unit of Structure and Function!
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Cell Structure and Functions
Cell Theory There are three parts to the cell theory: 1. All living things are made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. All Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cell Organelles What are organelles? internal compartments that carry out specific cell functions How are organelles beneficial to a cell? They allow the cell to grow larger and become more specialized
Nucleus: “control center”; houses DNA; directs activities of the cell Nucleolus: producing ribosomes Nuclear envelope: “envelope”; encloses the nucleus and its contents Nuclear pore: “door”, pore in nucleus; can allow substances (RNA) to leave
Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell Energy production for cells (ATP) Sites of aerobic respiration “mitochondria makes me mighty”
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum “Cell Highway” Synthesizes steroids Detoxifies poisons (alcohol) Transports substances Regulates calcium levels for muscle contraction
“Back Road” Transports proteins
Ribosomes “Farmer” Make proteins
Golgi Apparatus “Post Office” membrane-bound structure organelle modifies molecules and packages them into small membrane bound sacs called vesicles
Vesicle “Taxi” Membrane-sac that transports materials vesicle website
Lysosomes “Recycling Center” digests waste materials and food within the cell breaks down molecules into their base components with strong digestive enzymes
How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
Plant Cell Plant cells have different structures Contain: Cell wall “Great wall of China” Protection & Shape Chloroplast “Green Machine” Site of photosynthesis Vacuole “Garage” Stores water Large in plant cells, small in animal cells
Cell membrane “Fence” Regulates substances in and out of the cell. cell membrane website
Cell wall Protection, Shape
Cytoplasm “Juice, Gel” Fluid portion of the cell Suspends organelles
Assist with cell division : helps to move chromosomes centrioles Assist with cell division : helps to move chromosomes
Chromatin “library” Stores genetic info. Material consisting of DNA and proteins only visible during cell division.
Different levels of DNA condensation. (1) DNA strand Different levels of DNA condensation. (1) DNA strand. (2) Chromatin strand (DNA with histones). (3) Chromatin during interphase with centromere. (4) Condensed chromatin during prophase. (Two copies of the DNA molecule are now present) (5) Chromosome during metaphase.
Microtubules “Skeleton” Part of cytoskeleton Assist in cell division and provide internal support Can combine with other proteins to form complex structures like cilia and flagella
Cilia “Hairs” Fine, hair-like projections on surfaces of cells
Flagella “tail” Cellular movement
Peroxisome “Garbage Disposal” Produces H2O2 Helps destroy unneeded substances.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/ http://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/v/parts-of-a-cell