1. What do you already know about cells? Cell Probe
Cell Types
What do you already know about cells? Cell Probe

2. Is it Made of Cells?
Make a T-chart in your NB and sort the list of objects or materials into two lists: made of cells and not made of cells.
flowers apple skin DNA
rocks bacteria leaf
bone milk sugar
seeds lungs water
paramecium molecules proteins
hamburger chromosomes chlorophyll
blood saliva calcium
atoms mushrooms sunlight
cell membrane sand potato bugs

10. Hooke and Leeuwenhoek

11. The Cell Theory (1800’s) all living things are composed of cells
The Wacky History of the Cell Theory by Ted-ED
all living things are composed of cells
cells are the basic unit of life
all cells come from pre-existing cells

12. Cell Differentiation

13. Embryonic Stem Cells Eukaryotic cells, found in animals.
In early development these cells have the potential to become any cell in the body.
Currently stem cells can be harvested from embryos, cord blood, and now some adult cells can be induced to turn back the clock and become stem cells.
Stem cell research may hold the answer to many questions about human health and disease.
It can be controversial due to the harvesting of cells from human embryos.

14. Organelles “little organ”
carry out specific functions or “jobs” that allow cells to survive
Can you think of some “organelle jobs?”
Examples:
Packaging
Transporting
Protection
Waste removal
Energy production
Water storage
Support

15. 2 Types of Cells
What do you notice? What are some differences between these cells?

16. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
- “pro” = before
- “karyon” = nucleus
NO nucleus
NO organelles
Small, less complex
Circular DNA, floats in cytoplasm
i.e. Bacteria
- “eu” = true
- “karyon” = nucleus
Have nucleus
Organelles
Large, complex
Linear DNA, in nucleus
i.e. Plants & Animals

17. Common Features of Cells:
1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cytoskeleton
4. Ribosome

18. Cell Structure and Function Chart

19. Cell Organelles © J Beauchemin 2006
Use this presentation in conjunction with the Cell Organelle note-taking worksheet. Run through the entire presentation before using it in class so that you know what’s coming next! It helps to print the outline and notes to have with you while presenting so that there are no surprises. –JessB.org
© J Beauchemin 2006

20. Cell Chart Review Organelles “little organs”
each one performs a specialized function that enables the cells to survive.
found only inside eukaryotic cells
Use this presentation in conjunction with the Cell Organelle note-taking worksheet. Run through the entire presentation before using it in class so that you know what’s coming next! It helps to print the outline and notes to have with you while presenting so that there are no surprises. –JessB.org

21. Cell Organelles Organelle= “little organ”
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol
Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

22. Cell Membrane Boundary of the cell Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2

23. Fluid-mosaic model of the
cell membrane
Proteins

24. Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains DNA
Surrounded by a double membrane
Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
Usually one per cell
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

25. Cytoskeleton Acts as skeleton and muscle Provides shape and structure
Helps move organelles around the cell
Made of three types of filaments
Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support.

26. Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear membrane
Highway of the cell
Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins
Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids
In certain WBCs the rough ER produces antibodies. In pancreatic cells, it produces insulin.
In liver cells, the smooth ER produces enzymes that help to detoxify certain compounds. In muscles the smooth ER assists in the contraction of muscle cells and in brain cells it synthesizes male and female hormones.

27. Ribosome Site of protein synthesis
Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol
Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.

28. Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of plates
Stores, modifies and packages proteins
Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles
AKA Golgi Complex. It is not necessary that the students read the labels, this diagram gives them a general idea of the Golgi’s shape.

29. Which organelles do lysosomes work with?
Garbage disposal of the cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.
Which organelles do lysosomes work with?

30. Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell”
Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
Bound by a double membrane
Has its own strand of DNA
Explain that this diagram shows the mitochondria cut open to reveal the internal membranes.

31. Chloroplast Found only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose) production
Bound by a double membrane
Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.

32. Cell Wall Found in plant and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier
Located outside of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose (fiber)
This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

33. What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?
Vacuoles
Large central vacuole usually in plant cells
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.
The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.
What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

34. Paramecium – Contractile Vacuole
pump out excess water that diffuses into the cell

35. Where else have we talked about microtubules?
Centriole
Aids in cell division
Usually found only in animal cells
Made of microtubules
Where else have we talked about microtubules?
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

36. Cilia and Flagella Cilia: short, hair,like extensions
Flagella: long, tail-like extensions
Both aid in movement
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

37. Cilia in our Bodies

38. Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.