Industrialization America 1865 – 1905

The Second Industrial Revolution Cause: The abundance of STEEL

Bessemer Steel Process Henry Bessemer (Great Britain) Steel could be produced very quickly Iron ore is used for steel production

Steel Producing Centers in U.S. Gary, Indiana Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Iron Ore was mined in Mid west Coal: West Virginia and Pennsylvania- needed for fuel

Impact of Steel Production RR’s began using steel instead of iron for its rails because they were longer lasting and stronger Steel became a major component in bridge building and building construction. Many storied buildings were now possible since steel could make the skeletal structure Wire and nails were now made of steel

Oil Became a major component in industrial development Kerosene for light Refineries began making waxes and lubricating oils

Elijah Mc Coy Invented the lubricating cup which enabled machinery to run more efficiently and smoothly

The Oil and Steel Industries

Railroads With the advent of cheap steel, railroad companies were able to lay thousands of miles of new and improved track Transcontinental railroad was complete by 1869 (East and West of US connected) George Westinghouse: compressed air brake – rail safety Provided jobs and stimulated growth of other industries

Horseless Carriage 1876 first internal combustion engine was develop 1893 – first motor car 1900 – wealthy Americans owned cars and the automobile became a commercial industry

Airplanes The development of the internal combustion engine enabled the Wright brothers to construct a working airplane Numerous patents and inventions related to flight were designed by engineers

Communications

Telegraph Telegraph is a means oc communication over wires with electricity Inventor: Samuel Morse 1866 – Western Union had over 2,000 offices

Telephone Alexander Graham Bell invented the talking telegraph Late 1880’s - over 1 million telephones ATT became one of the major and longest lasting monopolies in the United States

Typewriter Invented by Charles Sholes 1867 Revolutionized communications by allowing legible documents to be easily produced Business developed" typing pools”, clerical workers whose job it was to type Gave working class women a skilled profession

Thomas Edison Pioneer in communications technology Electronic vote recorder Telegraphic stock ticker Phonograph Motion picture cameras Light bulb First electric power plant in NYC

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