1. The Second Industrial Revolution (Started by steel and oil)
CHAPTER 6
(dismiss 1-5?)

2. The Age of Invention
From 1865 to 1905 the US had a surge of industrial growth which became known as the Second Industrial Revolution
What is the importance of the date 1865?
This new era began with numerous discoveries and inventions that spurred growth in manufacturing, transportation, and Americans everyday life
As Coal spurred the initial industrial revolution, Steel made the second industrial revolution possible
Steel was used in the construction of heavy machinery that mass produced goods

3. More
Originally converting iron ore into steel was too expensive to be used until Henry Bessemer
{Bessemer Process- burned all the impurities in molten iron with hot air}
The method produced more steel in one day than the old method did in one week
Alexander Holley improved the process and steel production skyrocketed in U.S.
{This production of steel used iron ore in the Midwest brought through the great lakes into towns like Cleveland and Pittsburg}
These towns became major centers for steel manufacturing

4. Steel was used for… Railroad tracks Bridges Building frames Machinery
( the more steel was produced the cheaper it was to buy)

5. This led to… Stronger longer lasting rails Stronger bridges
Taller multi-story buildings
More Jobs
people moving into cities

7. OIL
Advancements in oil refinement also affected the Industrial Revolution
Originally oil was processed for Kerosene for lamps to light a house
A demand was growing for the oil so {Edwin Drake drills for oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania}
Drake’s Folly
Drake strikes oil leading to oil boom
Drakes success led others to drill for oil in other parts of the country

8. Black Gold In Texas there was success
Anthony F Lucas strikes oil At Spindletop in Beaumont TX
This started the TX oil boom
% of oil was produced at spindletop alone
By 1904 this production rate had dropped off but there was still 10,000 barrels daily

9. Elijah McCoy The son of runaway slaves
{Invented a lubricating cup that fed oil to parts of machine while it was running}
He received a Patent for his invention
{PATENT A guarantee to protect an inventors rights to make, use or sell his invention.}
This helped many kinds of machines operate smoothly and quickly

11. Transportation
Railroads- linked isolated areas to the rest of the country
Steel was so affordable it led to the railroads laying more tracks
{Prior to the Civil war railroads in the U.S. averaged 100 miles in length}
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in1869
Completed by Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad companies

12. George Westinghouse Developed the Compressed airbrake
This increased Railroad safety enabling the locomotive and all cars to stop at the same time
He also developed a communications system that allowed trains and stations to talk to each other
Changes in track design also helped the rail service
{Standard gauge (width of the rails) allowed people to stay on one railway line rather than transfer trains constantly while traveling}

14. Effects of better transportation
First railroads provided many of the country’s jobs
Building locomotives and rail cars spurred on the steel industry
Better faster transportation out west increased western settlement
Towns sprang up around railroad stations
Companies could now sell products nationally

15. The Car Also known as the Horseless Carriage
{Innovations in Oil led to motors and the car}
Combustion engine powered by gas was invented in 1876
J Frank Duryea built the first practical motor car in the U.S.
Use of car was limited due to high cost

16. Airplanes

17. Flight
The internal combustion engine also led to advancements in flight
Orville and Wilbur Wright developed one of the first working airplanes
Dec. 17, 1903 near {Kitty Hawk North Carolina, Orville made the first piloted flight}
It lasted 12 seconds and went 120 feet, in a powered plane

18. Telegraph and Telephone
Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse 1837
Telegraph grew with the railroad and offices were located in train stations and strung wires along the railroad lines
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 patented the telephone
Created jobs for women needed as operators
Bell Telephone became one of the longest lasting monopolies

20. {Wizard of Menlo Park Thomas Edison was home schooled}
He went into the “invention business” by opening a lab at Menlo Park and doing research
He promised a minor invention every 10 days and a major invention every 6 months
He held more than 1,000 patents at his death

21. Edison inventions Phonograph Electric vote recorder Light bulb*
Improved telephone
Improved telegraph
Early motion pictures
Electric lamps
Typewriter
Electric printer
Electric motor

22. The War
Edison Vs Tesla

26. AC vs. DC Alternating current Direct current
The Electric chair
AC vs. DC
Alternating current
Direct current

30. Review Questions
What process burned all the impurities in molten iron with hot air?
Where did Drakes Folly happen?
What is a guarantee to protect an inventors rights to make, use or sell his invention?
Prior to the Civil war how long were the average railroads?

31. The End

32. Board Work Graphic Organizer p 193
Describe the effect of the innovation of the airplane on Daily life from the perspective of someone from the early 1900’s. Include the ideas of the past the present and dream of the future
Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter and you are covering Edison's lab, write an article over what you see coming out of the lab