An Industrial Society 1860-1914 Chapter 20, Section 1 The Growth of Industry An Industrial Society 1860-1914 Chapter 20, Section 1

Essential Questions: What factors are necessary for an agrarian (farming) society to change into an industrial society? What role has technology played in assisting the United States to become an industrial superpower?

Edwin Drake 1st Person to Drill for Petroleum into the Earth In 1859, Drilled into the Earth & Struck Oil! Started the Oil Industry! Oil = New Form of Energy was Discovered

The Birth of the Industrial Revolution The Birth of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. Took Place in the New England Colonies Textile Mills Started in the Late 1700’s Industrial Revolution Started in England Years Before: Technology Came Overseas to the Colonies

Old Technology

Why in New England?

Plentiful Natural Resources America Has Plenty of Natural Resources Forests, Lakes, Rivers, Water, Minerals, Coal, Iron, Copper, Silver, Gold Factories & Businesses Used These Natural Resources to Manufacture a Variety of Goods

Improved Transportation Steamboats, Canals, & Railroads in the Early 1800’s Made It Possible to Ship Items Long Distances More Raw Materials & Finished Products Could Be Sold Industries Grew!

Growing Population U.S. Population Grew (1860-1900) from 31.5 Million to 76 Million More People Need More Goods! Industries/ Businesses Made More Goods & $$$

High Immigration About 14 Million Immigrants Came to the U.S. Between 1860-1900 Skilled & Unskilled Workers Came Skilled Workers Brought with Them Knowledge Unskilled Workers Provided the Labor (Work) in the Factories

New Inventions New Machines & New Inventions Led to Industries Producing Goods More Efficiently and Faster A Patent is a Government Document Protecting an Inventor’s Idea for a Certain Number of Years

Investment Capital $$$ Given to Companies to Build Factories, New Equipment, Research & Development $$$ Given to Start a Business Company Gives Person Back Stock Mr. Winner!

The Story of Rob!

Business Cycle (Booms) People Buy More Products & Invest in Companies More Companies Get MORE Investment Capital, Hire More Workers, Make More Goods, Sell More More Workers = More Paychecks = More Spending! Business Grows!

Business Cycle (Busts) People Spend Less, People Don’t Invest (Don’t Buy Stock) Industries Get LESS Investment Capital: Have to FIRE Workers! Businesses Shrink or Even Close Economic Activity Decreases (Recession + Depressions)

Stock Market Recently

Stock Market’s History

The Economy 1860-1900 From 1860-1900, Industries within the U.S. Grew at an Outstanding Rate! Manufactured Goods Increased Over 6x! The Economy Was BOOMING!

Bessemer Steel Process Before 1850, to Make Steel Was Very Expensive! Used Large Amounts of Coal to Create Enough Heat! Henry Bessemer Created New Process to Make Steel Used 1/7th the Amount of Coal

Bessemer Steel Process New Process Cut the Cost of Making Steel Steel Production Increased Over 500x Many Industries Used Steel To Make: Plows Barbed Wire Nails Beams for Buildings Building Railroads

We Have No Idea How This Works!

Electric Power Generators Were Invented in the 1870’s Generators Produce Electric Currents (Electricity) Inventors Looked for Ways to Use Electricity

Thomas Edison Had Over 1,000 Inventions/Patents Most Famous Invention was Practical Electrical Lighting (More Efficient Light Bulb) Invented a System to Bring Electricity to Buildings Street Lights/Lighting in Buildings = Safer!

Alexander Graham Bell Scottish Immigrant Who Taught Deaf Children Thomas Watson was Bell’s Assistant Invented the Telephone Transmitted Speech Using Electricity A Communications Revolution!

American Telephone & Telegraph Company

The Centennial Exhibition (1876) America’s 100 Year Birthday Celebration! Huge Science Fair Held in Philadelphia! Alexander Graham Bell Demonstrated the Telephone!

America’s 100 Year Birthday Party!

Statue of Liberty Centennial Exhibition 1876

Christopher Latham Sholes Invented the 1st Practical Typewriter Opened Jobs for Women: Jobs Paycheck More Freedom Purchasing Power Equality

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer Invented & Improved the Sewing Machine Sewing Machine Increased the Production of Clothes XS, S, M, L, XL, XXL, XXL Sizes Singer Sewing Machines are the Best in the World Today!

Granville T. Woods Margaret Knight Granville T. Woods was an African American Inventor Patented Improvements to the Telephone & Telegraph Margaret Knight Improved Motors, Engines, Machines for Packaging & Making Shoes

Essential Questions: What factors are necessary for an agrarian (farming) society to change into an industrial society? What role has technology played in assisting the United States to become an industrial superpower?