1. Chapter 9 Section 1 The Rise of Industry

2. Industrialization
Industrial Revolution begins in early 1800s but rapidly expands after Civil War
Gross National Product (GNP) – the total value of all goods and services produced by a country.
The GNP was 8 times greater than it had been when the Civil War ended.

3. Natural Resources
Natural resources contribute to U.S.’s industrial success
Water, timber, coal, iron and copper
Having these resources meant the US did not have to buy them from other countries.
Resources located in West
The American oil industry was built on the demand for Kerosene.
Edwin Drake – drilled the first oil well in 1859 near Titusville, PA.

4. A Large Workforce
Population triples between , adding to workforce
20 million people immigrate to U.S. between 1860 and 1900
Migration into cities

5. How did the oil production affect the American Economy?
Question 1
How did the oil production affect the American Economy?

6. Free Enterprise Laissez-faire embraced by Americans
A French phrase meaning “let people do as they choose.”
Profit motivates entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs – people who risk their capital in organizing and running a business.

7. Government’s Role in Industrialization
Laissez-faire economics practiced – hands off approach to business
Struggle between Northeastern and Southern states
US raised tariffs against foreign goods
Hurts farmers the most

8. Question 2
Do you think government policies at this time helped or hurt industrialization? Why?

9. New Inventions
1865: no electric lighting, ice was expensive, mail took weeks to get from east to west
Between Patent and Trademark Office issued 500,000 patents for inventions
1900: inventions such as sewing machine, typewriter, phonograph

10. Advances in Communications
Telegraph: perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse; Morse code – short impulses to represent letters of the alphabet
Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell, by million telephones in use

11. Electric Power
Thomas A. Edison – “Wizard of Menlo Park” inventor of phonograph, electric lighting, power station
Created new jobs, reduced food spoilage, made refrigeration possible
Allowed for construction of new buildings

12. Electric Power
Bessemer Process – made it easier and cheaper to remove impurities from iron to make steel
Thaddeus Lowe invented the ice machine – the basis of the refrigerator.
This lead to the development of a refrigerated railroad car in 1877.

13. Question 3
How did the use of electric power affect the economic development of the United States?

14. Textile industry
Automatic Loom – allowed cloth to be made at an even faster rate.
Bobbins – were now changed automatically without stopping the loom.
Standard sizes
Ready – made clothes

15. Shoe Production
Large factories could mass-produce shoes more cheaply and efficiently than local cobblers.
Made shoes cheaper

16. Question 4 - Homework
Imagine you are a young person living in this country in the late 1800s. Choose one of the inventions discussed in the section, and write a journal entry describing its impact on your life. Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure and punctuation (must be at least 5 sentences)