1 We’re starting! Start Section Start show We’re starting! Section Start Main Menu

2 We’re starting! Rule 45 – afloat and off moorings at the preparatory signal 45HAULING OUT; MAKING FAST; ANCHORING A boat shall be afloat and off moorings at her preparatory signal. Thereafter, she shall not be hauled out or made fast except to bail out, reef sails or make repairs. She may anchor or the crew may stand on the bottom. She shall recover the anchor before continuing in the race unless she is unable to do so. Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

3 We’re starting! At sea, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) apply. IRPCAS is normally similar to RRS, but not here – overtaking boat (BLUE) keeps out of the way. Start Section Start show We’re the BLUE boat. We catch up with YELLOW, another sailing boat that is cruising, not going to race. Which rules apply between us (and who has to do what)? Next SectionPrevious PageSection Menu Main Menu Next Page

4 We’re starting! PART 2, When Boats Meet The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race, are racing, or have been racing. However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one of these rules, except rule When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel that is not, she shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) or government right-of-way rules. If the sailing instructions so state, the rules of Part 2 are replaced by the right-of-way rules of the IRPCAS or by government right-of-way rules. Section Start Main Menu

5 We’re starting! As we approach the committee boat shortly before our warning signal, we meet RED, another boat that has finished her race and cleared the finishing marks. Which rules apply between us – IRPCAS or RRS? …and can we protest RED for getting in our way? Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

6 We’re starting! A protest is technically possible, but boats are not racing, so no penalty is possible. Start Section Start show As we approach the committee boat shortly before our warning signal, we meet RED, another boat that has finished her race and cleared the finishing marks. Racing Rules of Sailing apply. Section Start Main Menu

7 We’re starting! PART 2, When Boats Meet The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race, are racing, or have been racing. However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one of these rules, except rule When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel that is not, she shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) or government right-of-way rules. If the sailing instructions so state, the rules of Part 2 are replaced by the right-of-way rules of the IRPCAS or by government right-of-way rules. Section Start Main Menu

8 We’re starting! A few seconds after our warning signal – the class flag – YELLOW (also in our race) gets in our way. Which rules apply? Can we protest her? Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

9 We’re starting! Once again, the Racing Rules apply, but normally no penalty can result from a protest until an incident between two boats that are racing, which is after the preparatory signal. Start Section Start show A few seconds after our warning signal – the class flag – YELLOW (also in our race) gets in our way. Which rules apply? Can we protest her? Section Start Main Menu

10 We’re starting! PART 2, When Boats Meet The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race, are racing, or have been racing. However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one of these rules, except rule When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel that is not, she shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) or government right-of-way rules. If the sailing instructions so state, the rules of Part 2 are replaced by the right-of-way rules of the IRPCAS or by government right-of-way rules. Section Start Main Menu

11 We’re starting! What are the normal preparatory signals the race committee can decide to use? Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

12 26STARTING RACES Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times shall be taken from the visual signals; the absence of a sound signal shall be disregarded. SignalFlagSoundMinutes before starting signal WarningClass Flag1 sound 5* PreparatoryP, I, Z with I, or black flag1 sound4 One-minutePreparatory flag removed1 long sound 1 StartingClass Flag removed1 sound0 *or as stated in the sailing instructions The warning signal for each succeeding class shall be made with or after the starting signal of the preceding class. PART 3 – Conduct of a Race Section Start Main Menu

13 We’re starting! What are the normal preparatory signals the race committee can decide to use? In this case, the preparatory signal is flag P. Here’s how it’s done Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

14 We’re starting! Reading the Signals WARNING PREPARATORY ONE-MINUTE STARTING STARTING SIGNALS – NO PENALTY FLAGS MINUTES TO GO SOUNDS Start show Section Start Main Menu

15 We’re starting! In general, penalization is now possible since the boats are now racing, but the following rules do not apply until after the starting signal: Rule 16.2, Changing Course. (Rule 16.1 already applies) Rule 17, On the Same Tack; Proper Course Rule 23.1, Interfering with another boat Start Section Start show Our preparatory signal has been made. Is penalization possible if a boat now breaks a rule of Part 2 (rules 10 to 23, when boats meet)? And are there any Part 2 rules that do not yet apply? Section Start Main Menu

16 We’re starting! YES, at this length of time from the starting signal. The committee boat is an obstruction Start Section Start show It’s three minutes before our starting signal, we’re BLUE and we’re doing some practice starts. YELLOW comes in from windward. Do we have to give her room to pass the committee boat? Section Start Main Menu

17 We’re starting! PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET Section C – At Marks and Obstructions SECTION C AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have passed them. They are not yet approaching to start, so Section C rules can apply. The committee boat is an obstruction, rule 19 (in Section C) applies. 19ROOM TO PASS AN OBSTRUCTION 19.2Giving Room at an Obstruction (b)When boats are overlapped, the outside boat shall give the inside boat room between her and the obstruction, unless she has been unable to do so from the time the overlap began. Section Start Main Menu

18 We’re starting! NO. When an obstruction is also a mark, it is rule 18, Mark-Room that would apply, but no rule of Section C applies, rule 18 included, applies at this moment. Start Section Start show It’s 20 seconds to our starting signal, and we are approaching the starting line to start. Yellow comes in from windward. Is she entitled to room to pass the committee boat, which is surrounded by navigable water? Section Start Main Menu

19 19ROOM TO PASS AN OBSTRUCTION 19.1When Rule 19 Applies Rule 19 applies between boats at an obstruction except when it is also a mark the boats are required to leave on the same side… So rule 18, Mark-Room would be the applicable rule BUT SECTION C AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have passed them. Rule 18 is a rule of Section C. We’re starting! PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Section Start Main Menu

20 We’re starting! We in BLUE are behind the starting line at our starting signal, but there are many boats on the course side (OCS). The race committee cannot identify them most of them, and signals a general recall. Start Section Start show How it’s done Section Start Main Menu

21 We’re starting! Reading the Signals RECALL FIRST SUBSTITUTE General Recall. The warning signal will be made 1 minute after removal. Start show SIGNALFLAG SOUNDS Section Start Main Menu

22 We’re starting! The wind then dies completely. The race committee signals a postponement. There is little chance of racing for some time. The race committee sends the fleet ashore. Start Section Start show How it’s done Section Start Main Menu

23 We’re starting Reading the Signals POSTPONEMENT AP over H Races not started are postponed. Further signals ashore Start show SIGNALFLAG SOUNDS Section Start Main Menu

24 We’re starting! Start Section Start show How it’s done Back ashore, the race committee signals a two-hour postponement. Two hours from when? Section Start Main Menu

25 We’re starting! Reading the Signals POSTPONEMENT AP OVER NUMERAL PENNANT Postponement in hours from the scheduled starting time (for two hours in this example) Start Section Start show SIGNALFLAG SOUNDS Section Start Main Menu

26 We’re starting! Start Section Start show Back ashore, the race committee signals a two hour postponement. Two hours from when? Two hours from the original scheduled start time. Any change of the length of postponement is also timed from the original scheduled starting time. Section Start Main Menu

27 We’re starting! The wind picks up, and the fleet returns to the starting area in good time for the restart (flag P again). With a biased line, we start on port tack. This time, only one boat is OCS at the starting signal. The race committee makes the recall signal. Start Section Start show How it’s done Section Start Main Menu

28 We’re starting! Reading the Signals RECALL X Individual Recall. The flag is removed at the earliest of four minutes, or one minute before a later starting signal, or when all recalled boats have returned (across an extension if rule 30.2 applies) Start show SIGNALFLAG SOUNDS Section Start Main Menu

29 We’re starting! The recalled boat turns back and heads straight for us, shouting ‘Starboard’. Who has right of way? Rule 21.1 applies because YELLOW is returning to start. BLUE has right of way, and it overrides rule 10 (port and starboard). 21.1A boat sailing towards the pre-start side of the starting line or its extensions after her starting signal to start or to comply with rule 30.1 shall keep clear of a boat not doing so until she is completely on the pre- start side. Section D preamble: When rule 21 or 22 applies between two boats, Section A rules do not. Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

30 We’re starting! Half way up the beat, the wind shifts 90 degrees. The race committee decides that the race is no longer fair, and signals abandonment of the race. Start Section Start show How it’s done Section Start Main Menu

31 We’re starting! Reading the Signals ABANDONMENT N All races that have started are abandoned. Return to the starting area. The warning signal will be made 1 minute after removal unless at that time the race is abandoned again or postponed. Start Section Start show SIGNALFLAG SOUNDS Section Start Main Menu

32 We’re starting! We return to the starting area, and the course is reset on a fresh heading. This time, with time running out, the race committee uses the black flag as the preparatory. Start Section Start show How it’s done Section Start Main Menu

33 We’re starting! Reading the Signals WARNING PREPARATORY Black Flag: Rule 30.3 is in effect. ONE-MINUTE STARTING FLAGSMINUTES TO GO SOUNDS STARTING SIGNALS – BLACK FLAG Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

34 We’re starting! There is then another general recall! The race committee has the sail numbers of several boats that had crossed the starting line in the last minute. What happens next? Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

35 30STARTING PENALTIES 30.3Black Flag Rule If a black flag has been displayed, no part of a boat’s hull, crew or equipment and the first mark during the last minute before her starting signal. If a boat breaks this rule and is identified, she shall be disqualified without a hearing, even if the race is restarted or resailed, but not if it is postponed or abandoned before the starting signal. If a general recall is signalled or the race is abandoned after the starting signal, the race committee shall display her sail number before the next warning signal for that race, and if the race is restarted or resailed she shall not sail in it. If she does so, her disqualification shall not be excluded in calculating her series score. We’re starting! PART 3 – Conduct of a Race Section Start Main Menu

36 We’re starting! Finally, the race is started, with no boats OCS, and we beat towards the windward mark. In the process, we approach the shore and we need to tack, but we cannot do so because YELLOW is close on our heels and to windward. What can we do? Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

37 We’re starting! We hail YELLOW for room to tack (or ‘Water, please!’) Yellow tacks ASAP. Then we tack, also ASAP. Room to tack, please Start Section Start show Section Start Main Menu

38 20ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION 20.1Hailing and Responding When approaching an obstruction, a boat sailing close- hauled or above may hail for room to tack and avoid another boat on the same tack. After a boat hails, (a)she shall give the hailed boat time to respond; (b)the hailed boat shall respond either by tacking as soon as possible, or by immediately replying ‘You tack’ and then giving the hailing boat room to tack and avoid her; and (c)when the hailed boat responds, the hailing boat shall tack as soon as possible. We’re starting! PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Section Start Main Menu

39 We’re starting! Further up the coastline, we’ve tacked back in towards the shore, and once again we hail for room to tack. This time, YELLOW takes the other option open to her. You tack! Start Section Start show Room to tack, please Section Start Main Menu

40 20ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION 20.1Hailing and Responding When approaching an obstruction, a boat sailing close- hauled or above may hail for room to tack and avoid another boat on the same tack. After a boat hails, (a)she shall give the hailed boat time to respond; (b)the hailed boat shall respond either by tacking as soon as possible, or by immediately replying ‘You tack’ and then giving the hailing boat room to tack and avoid her; and (c)when the hailed boat responds, the hailing boat shall tack as soon as possible. We’re starting! PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Section Start Main Menu

41 We’re starting! Test your knowledge Start Section Start show 1.There is no penalty if a boat that is on the course side in the last minute has returned to the pre-course side at the starting signal. 1.There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is then postponed. 2.There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is abandoned after the starting signal and resailed. The preparatory signal is flag Z. Which one of the following is correct? Section Start Main Menu

42 We’re starting! Test your knowledge Start Section Start show 1.There is no penalty if a boat that is on the course side in the last minute has returned to the pre-course side at the starting signal. 1.There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is then postponed. 2.There is no penalty for a boat OCS in the last minute if the race is abandoned after the starting signal and resailed. The preparatory signal is flag Z. Which one of the following is correct? Section Start Main Menu

43 We’re starting! Test your knowledge Start Section Start show YELLOW crosses the finishing line and then touches the committee boat from which the finishing line extends. 1.YELLOW can take a penalty by gybing round the committee boat, then tacking and finishing. 2.YELLOW does not have to take a penalty, as she touched the mark after finishing. 3.YELLOW must return completely to the course side before starting a penalty turn. Which one is true? Section Start Main Menu

44 We’re starting! Test your knowledge Start Section Start show YELLOW crosses the finishing line and then touches the committee boat from which the finishing line extends. 1.YELLOW can take a penalty by gybing round the committee boat, then tacking and finishing. 2.YELLOW does not have to take a penalty, as she touched the mark after finishing. 3.YELLOW must return completely to the course side before starting a penalty turn. Which one is true? Section Start Main Menu

45 We’re starting! Test your knowledge Start Section Start show Which one of the following is correct? 1.When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it must signal a general recall. 2.When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it may signal a general recall. 3.A general recall can be used when boats are OCS, but not to stop the race when there has been an error in the starting procedure. Section Start Main Menu

46 We’re starting! Test your knowledge Start Section Start show Which one of the following is correct? 1.When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it must signal a general recall. 2.When the race committee cannot identify every OCS boat, it may signal a general recall. 3.A general recall can be used when boats are OCS, but not to stop the race when there has been an error in the starting procedure. Section Start Main Menu

47 GOING BY THE RULES STARTERS What’s new for 2009 – quick guide What’s new for 2009 – in detail INGREDIENTS Reading the signals Major definitions in action The Racing Rules of Sailing The Definitions What’s cooking? THE MAIN COURSE Basically and Fundamentally… We’re racing! We’re starting! We’re rounding! We’re taking turns! We’re finishing! We’re unhappy!