8.1 HOW ORGANISMS OBTAIN ENERGY WHAT YOU WILL LEARN: -the 2 LAWs of THERMODYNAMICS -the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs -how ATP works in the cell

READING Qs 1-STATE the LAWS of THERMODYNAMICS in your own words: 1-energy cannot be created or destroyed -energy can change forms 2-some energy is not usable, released as heat

READING Qs 2-CIRCLE the name of the organism that makes its ownfood.

READING Qs 3-COMPARE the energy usage in anabolic & catabolic pathways. catabolic—energy is released anabolic—energy is used

READING Qs 4-IDENTIFY-circle the step in the pathway where energy is captured.

READING Qs 5-IDENTIFY-circle the high-energy bond that is broken when ATP is converted to ADP.

8.1 APPLICATION NOTES energy-- ability to do work

 TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY ANALYZE -why living things need energy -how living things get energy -to carry out life processes -autotrophs use photosynthesis/SUN to make their own energy -heterotrophs consume other living things

 TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY DETERMINE 7 body cell processes -active transport -homeostasis -cell division -fight infection/foreign material -digestion -send messages/nerve cells -muscle contraction -transport oxygen

 TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY COMPARE the laws of how energy flows 1 st law of thermodynamics— -energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed -EX: body converts stored energy in food into chemical energy/mechanical energy 2 nd law of thermodynamics— -some energy becomes unuseable -EX: food chain car exhaust

AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS SUN ANIMALS PLANTS  TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY

PASSAGE-- -The group that makes their own food is group -The group that must eat other organisms for food is group -Some organisms get their energy from inorganic substances, such as hydrogen sulfide B-autotrophs A-heterotrophs chemoautotrophs

 METABOLISM COMPARE/CONTRAST parts of metabolism ANABOLICCATABOLIC photosynthesiscellular respiration uses energyrelease energy used by cells builds molecules breaks down molecules small  BIGBIG  small

 ATP ATP—molecule of energy ATP ADP -most abundant “energy- storing” molecule in cells ATP ADP -less abundant “energy- storing” molecule in cells -energy released when bond broken btwn 2-3 P-group -changes back to ATP when P- group is added provides “QUICK” energy

 VOC TERMS 1.C-1 st law of thermodynamics 2.E-metabolism 3.F-photosynthesis 4.A-energy 5.H-metabolic pathway 6.I-ATP 7.B-thermodynamics 8.J-sunlight 9.G-cellular respiration 10.D-2 nd law of thermodynamics

 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER PROCESS REACTANTS PRODUCTS CHEMICAL EQUATION TYPES of ORGANISMS STAGES LOCATION in cell WHAT does it do to GLUCOSE WHY is this process necessary for life

8.1 CELLULAR ENERGY energy-- ability to do work energy-- CANNOT be created or destroyed energy-- CAN be transformed light  chemical  mechanical  thermal energy— SOURCE: SUN

Ability to do work Study of FLOW/TRANSFORMATION of energy in universe HOW CELLS OBTAIN ENERGY

LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 1-LAW of CONSERVATION of ENERGY -energy can be transformed -energy is never lost or destroyed 2- LAW of USABLE ENERGY– -some energy releases as HEAT-- thermal -energy still there but unavailable for use-- entropy—measure of UNUSEABLE energy -example: food chains energy converted

ORGANISM’S SOURCE OF ENERGY HETEROTROPHS- Organisms ingest food to get energy --animals AUTOTROPHS- MAKE their own food --plants/some bacteria 1-photo-autotrophs—convert light energy from the SUN to chemical energy 2-chemo-autotrophs—make food with chemicals

AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS SUN chemical  mechanical  thermal chemical energy

Reactant to which enzymes bind protein / speeds up biological reaction

- CATABOLIC: BREAK DOWN PARTICLES / RELEASE ENERGY -CELLULAR RESPIRATION -ANABOLIC: BUILD BIG MOLECULES USE ENERGY RELEASED FROM CATABOLIC -PHOTOSYNTHESIS BIG MOLECULES  small molecules small molecules  BIG MOLECULES

Ecosystem Flow of Energy--- CELLULAR RESPIRATION “Catabolic” pathway -molecules broken down -release energy for use by cell PHOTOSYNTHESIS “Anabolic” pathway -Light energy from SUN converted to chemical energy for use by cell

ORGANISMS energy use HETEROTROPHS USE— -OXYGEN -GLUCOSE PRODUCE— -CARBON DIOXIDE -WATER AUTOTROPHS USE— -CARBON DIOXIDE -WATER -Light energy—SUN PRODUCE— -OXYGEN -GLUCOSE ENERGY is transferred to other organisms in the form of food

-In living things chemical energy is stored in biological molecules in BONDS -Is converted to other energy when needed (mechanical energy for motion)

ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Most abundant energy-storing molecule *found in ALL types of organisms

ADENINE BASE, RIBOSE SUGAR, 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS ATP

- energy released BONDS between 2 nd and 3 rd phosphate is BROKEN  ADP -ADP / ATP interchanged + / - PHOSPHATE GROUP -ENERGY REACTIONS IN CELL ATP  ADP ATP