1. Do Now What is energy? How do we get energy?
Do all organisms get energy the same way as we do?

2. Objectives To define energy. To list the different types of energy.
To explain the laws of thermodynamics.
To understand the general idea of photosynthesis and respiration.

3. Photosynthesis
ATP
Cellular Energy!!
Chapter 8
Cellular Respiration

4. 8.1: What is energy?! Energy- Thermodynamics- The ability to do work
is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.
*All cells need energy for many
Functions that they carry out
To stay alive

5. Types of Energy
Chemical- energy found in bonds between atoms of every molecule:
Released when bonds break
Glucose: Sugar that is major energy source, used to make ATP (ENERGY!!)
Solar Energy- Energy from Sunlight:
Can’t be used directly:
Plants convert solar energy to usable chemical energy (Glucose)

6. Laws of Thermodynamics
First law —energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.
Ex. Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy

7. Laws of Thermodynamics
Second law —energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.
Ex. Energy Lost as Heat

8. Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
Measure of disorder (randomness)
Measure of unusable energy
Entropy always ___________.

9. Review of Reactions… Endothermic- uses energy to make bonds
H + H H2
Energy put in
Exothermic- breaks bonds and releases energy
H H + H
Energy Released

10. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food.
-Ex.
Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy.
Ex.

11. Metabolism Metabolism: Two types of Metabolic Pathways:
All chemical reactions in a cell
Two types of Metabolic Pathways:
Catabolic: Release energy by breaking down larger molecules
Anabolic: Use energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones

12. Think- Pair - Share
Of the following examples, list which ones are catabolic and anabolic
1. Amino acids becoming polypeptide chain
2. Glucose becoming glycogen
3. Your body breaking down food
4. Fatty Acids becoming triglycerides

13. Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)
Structure:
Adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

14. Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)
Function:
bond breaks between the second and third phosphate groups to release energy
Creating adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.

15. Processes involving Energy…
Cellular respiration —organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
-type of process:
Photosynthesis —light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell
-Type of Process:

16. Glucose