OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Diseases and Disorders

Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related to male sex hormones. Medical uses of anabolic steroids include some hormone problems in men, late puberty and muscle loss from some diseases. Bodybuilders and athletes often use anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance.  But using them this way is not legal or safe. Abuse of anabolic steroids has been linked with many health problems.

Side Effects of Steroids Acne and cysts Breast growth and shrinking of testicles in men Voice deepening and growth of body hair in women Heart problems, including heart attack Liver disease, including cancer Aggressive behavior

Obsessive Usage/Abuse Gregg Valentino was a successful owner of a gym until his obsession went too far He injected steroids into his arms until they nearly exploded He was arrested for drug usage and dealing Watch his story: v=sj3De6s3ZjQ

Muscular Dystrophy Muscular dystrophies, or MD, are a group of inherited conditions, which means they are passed down through families. They may occur in childhood or adulthood. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. They include:  Becker muscular dystrophy  Duchenne muscular dystrophy  Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy  Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy  Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy  Myotonia congenita  Myotonic dystrophy

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a defective gene for dystrophin (a protein in the muscles).protein Because of the way the disease is inherited, males are more likely to develop symptoms than are women.  The sons of females who are carriers of the disease (women with a defective gene but no symptoms themselves) each have a 50% chance of having the disease. The daughters each have a 50% chance of being carriers. Duchenne muscular dystrophy occurs in approximately 1 out of every 3,600 male infants.

Signs and Symptoms Muscle weakness  Begins in the legs and pelvis, but also occurs less severely in the arms, neck, and other areas of the body  Difficulty with motor skills (running, hopping, jumping)  Frequent falls  Rapidly worsening weakness Progressive difficulty walking By age 10, the person may need braces for walking. By age 12, most patients are confined to a wheelchair.

Cures and Treatment There is no known cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Treatment aims to control symptoms to maximize quality of life. Gene therapy may become available in the future. Activity is encouraged. Inactivity (such as bedrest) can worsen the muscle disease. Physical therapy may be helpful to maintain muscle strength and function. Orthopedic appliances (such as braces and wheelchairs) may improve mobility and the ability to care for yourself. Death usually occurs by 25

Bruises Medically called a contusion Caused when tiny blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin The raised area of a bump or bruise results from blood leaking from these injured blood vessels into the tissues as well as from the body's response to the injury. A purplish, flat bruise that occurs when blood leaks out into the top layers of skin is referred to as an ecchymosis. (eck-a-mosis) ecchymosis

Strains Sprains A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon, a fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscles to bones. Strains often occur in the lower back and in the hamstring muscle in the back of your thigh. A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect one bone to another in your joints. The most common location for a sprain is in your ankle Strains vs. sprains

Treatment for strains/sprains Initial treatment for both sprains and strains includes rest, ice, compression and elevation. Mild sprains and strains can be successfully treated at home. Severe sprains and strains sometimes require surgery to repair torn ligaments, muscles or tendons

Now it’s your turn Use the rest of the class to research any disease and/or disorder of the muscular system that you wish. (5 required) You will need to complete the following chart for each of the diseases  Name/Cause  Signs and Symptoms  Treatment and Cures  Website used for research DO NOT use Wikipedia or about.com