Done by: Terence Chan (25) Huang Shi Jie (29) Huang Shi Jie (29) Edmond Ang (23) Edmond Ang (23) Yao Jing Fu (39) Yao Jing Fu (39)

What is alternative energy? Sources of usable energy that is able to replace fuel sources Sources of usable energy that is able to replace fuel sources Also known as renewable energy Also known as renewable energy Able to reduce amount of toxins by products that use energy Able to reduce amount of toxins by products that use energy Can help preserve many natural resources Can help preserve many natural resources

Examples Of Alternative Energy Wind Wind Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity Solar power Solar power Biomass Biomass Geothermal Geothermal

Wind Propel blades of wind turbines Propel blades of wind turbines Rotation of turbine blades is converted electrical current by means of an electrical generator Rotation of turbine blades is converted electrical current by means of an electrical generator 58,982 megawatts of energy was generated by wind- powered generators world wide 58,982 megawatts of energy was generated by wind- powered generators world wide

Advantages of using wind No pollution is produced by wind power as there are no chemical processes taking place No pollution is produced by wind power as there are no chemical processes taking place There is an unlimited supply of wind so we will never run out of it There is an unlimited supply of wind so we will never run out of it Farming and grazing can still be performed on the areas occupied by wind turbines Farming and grazing can still be performed on the areas occupied by wind turbines Wind turbines can be built off-shore Wind turbines can be built off-shore

Cons of using wind Wind is not consistent and if wind speed decreases or stops, the turbine lingers and less or no electricity is generated Wind is not consistent and if wind speed decreases or stops, the turbine lingers and less or no electricity is generated Large wind farms can have a negative effect on the scenery Large wind farms can have a negative effect on the scenery Windmills contributes to noise pollution Windmills contributes to noise pollution

Hydroelectricity Most hydroelectricity power is generated by potential energy from trapped water in a dam driving a water turbine Most hydroelectricity power is generated by potential energy from trapped water in a dam driving a water turbine Pumped storage hydroelectricity generates electricity by moving water from different elevations of reservoirs Pumped storage hydroelectricity generates electricity by moving water from different elevations of reservoirs A tidal power plant uses daily tides to create energy A tidal power plant uses daily tides to create energy

Advantages Lower cost compared to fuel Lower cost compared to fuel No harmful pollutants is produced directly No harmful pollutants is produced directly Reservoir created by the hydroelectricity dams can be used for water sports Reservoir created by the hydroelectricity dams can be used for water sports

Disadvantages Hydroelectric projects can affect to surrounding aquatic ecosystems. Hydroelectric projects can affect to surrounding aquatic ecosystems. The reservoirs of power plants in tropical regions may produce methane and carbon dioxide The reservoirs of power plants in tropical regions may produce methane and carbon dioxide The need to relocate the people living where the reservoirs are planned to be built The need to relocate the people living where the reservoirs are planned to be built

Solar Power Radiant light and heat given out by the Sun Radiant light and heat given out by the Sun Provides electricity through heat engines or photovoltaic Provides electricity through heat engines or photovoltaic (application of solar cell converting sunlight directly into electricity) (application of solar cell converting sunlight directly into electricity)

Advantanges Renewable source Renewable source Does not cause water and air pollution as no chemical reaction from the combustion of fuels Does not cause water and air pollution as no chemical reaction from the combustion of fuels Efficient for practical uses such as heating and lighting Efficient for practical uses such as heating and lighting

Disadvantages Energy will not be produce if the sun is not shining especially at night time and cloudy days Energy will not be produce if the sun is not shining especially at night time and cloudy days Solar power stations are expensive to build and a lot of space is needed for the solar cells to collect as much sunlight as possible Solar power stations are expensive to build and a lot of space is needed for the solar cells to collect as much sunlight as possible

Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy uses the heat energy that under the Earth. Steam is produced when the ground water is heated up by the hot rocks beneath the Earth. When holes are drilled in these areas, the steam that shoots up can be used to drive turbines, which powers up electric generators. Geothermal energy uses the heat energy that under the Earth. Steam is produced when the ground water is heated up by the hot rocks beneath the Earth. When holes are drilled in these areas, the steam that shoots up can be used to drive turbines, which powers up electric generators.

Advantages A geothermal plant is generally self-sufficient energy wise A geothermal plant is generally self-sufficient energy wise Geothermal power plants are relatively small and have minimal effect on the natural landscape Geothermal power plants are relatively small and have minimal effect on the natural landscape No harmful by products formed No harmful by products formed

Disadvantages If done incorrectly, geothermal energy can produce pollutants. If done incorrectly, geothermal energy can produce pollutants. Improper drilling into the earth can release hazardous minerals and gases. Improper drilling into the earth can release hazardous minerals and gases. Geothermal sites are prone to running out of steam. Geothermal sites are prone to running out of steam.

Biomass Energy Using dead biological material as fuels Using dead biological material as fuels biodegradable wastes can be burnt as fuel biodegradable wastes can be burnt as fuel Plant or animal matter used for producing fibers, chemical or fibres Plant or animal matter used for producing fibers, chemical or fibres

Advantages Promising as a source of heat and electricity for buildings Promising as a source of heat and electricity for buildings Variety of plants and trees can be used Variety of plants and trees can be used Renewable Renewable

Disadvantages Produce carbon dioxide through combustion Produce carbon dioxide through combustion Contribute to global warming Contribute to global warming Affect processing of raw material Affect processing of raw material

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Can alternative energy completely replace fossil fuels?

Feasibility (Yes) Change in technology Change in technology Cost savvy Cost savvy Higher accessibility to alternative energy. Higher accessibility to alternative energy.

Feasibility (Yes) Change in technology The change in technology slowly decrease our dependence on oil as some countries such as Sweden are getting most of their energy needed from alternative energy sources. The change in technology slowly decrease our dependence on oil as some countries such as Sweden are getting most of their energy needed from alternative energy sources. For example, Sweden only gets 32% of it energy from oil currently as compared to 77% during the 1970s while alternative energy provides 26% of its energy. For example, Sweden only gets 32% of it energy from oil currently as compared to 77% during the 1970s while alternative energy provides 26% of its energy.

Feasibility (Yes) Cost Savvy Countries would eventually save costs in the future as growing oil scarcity leads to huge new price rises. Countries would eventually save costs in the future as growing oil scarcity leads to huge new price rises. Being free of oil would ensure that the country have a great advantage from fluctuations in oil prices which would allow the country to ensure higher development. Being free of oil would ensure that the country have a great advantage from fluctuations in oil prices which would allow the country to ensure higher development. For example, the price of oil tripled since For example, the price of oil tripled since 1996.

Feasibility (Yes) Higher accessibility to alternative energy. Alternative energies are more easily available as compared to fossil fuels. Alternative energies are more easily available as compared to fossil fuels. For example, hydrogen that is used to power up environmental vehicles is easily available. Solar energy is also easily available during the day where no processes is required to acquire it. For example, hydrogen that is used to power up environmental vehicles is easily available. Solar energy is also easily available during the day where no processes is required to acquire it.

Feasibility (No) Geographical limitations Geographical limitations Expensive cost Expensive cost Lack of capital Lack of capital Conditions required for access to some alternative energy Conditions required for access to some alternative energy

Feasibility (No) Geographical limitations - Some countries geography does not allow them to do so as land limitation may not allow them to build some of the alternative energy’s plants. - Some countries geography does not allow them to do so as land limitation may not allow them to build some of the alternative energy’s plants. -For example, Singapore’s geography does not allow her to tap on geothermal energy and also hydro sources also with the problem of a limited land area. -For example, Singapore’s geography does not allow her to tap on geothermal energy and also hydro sources also with the problem of a limited land area.

Feasibility (No) Expensive costs Fossil fuels are more economical than many alternative energy sources, and there are adequate reserves to meet global energy demand for at least the next 40 years (longer for coal). Fossil fuels are more economical than many alternative energy sources, and there are adequate reserves to meet global energy demand for at least the next 40 years (longer for coal). Although renewable energy sources are becoming more economically competitive, their share of total demand is projected to increase by only one percentage point to 9 per cent in Although renewable energy sources are becoming more economically competitive, their share of total demand is projected to increase by only one percentage point to 9 per cent in This mean that the prices would not decrease till then. This mean that the prices would not decrease till then.

Feasibility (No) Lack of capital Lack of capital Less developed countries cannot afford alternative energy as they are too expensive and they do not have enough capital which is needed for the access to the technology required to process the alternative energy for usage. Less developed countries cannot afford alternative energy as they are too expensive and they do not have enough capital which is needed for the access to the technology required to process the alternative energy for usage. This would mean that even if they do have the plan to break off from oil, it would be impossible if they do not have the capital. This would mean that even if they do have the plan to break off from oil, it would be impossible if they do not have the capital.

Feasibility (No) Conditions required for access to some alternative energy. - Some countries may not be able to use alternative energy such as wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy as they might not be high enough for significant electricity generation. - This result in Singapore having a disadvantage as these resources might be much more suitable for Singapore based on the geography.

The End Hope that you are able to comprehend what we presented. Hope that you are able to comprehend what we presented. PLEASE do your MCQ questions =P PLEASE do your MCQ questions =P