History Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Cloth Inspector 1684.

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Presentation transcript:

History Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Cloth Inspector 1684

“wee animalcules” Reported to the Royal Academy of Science

French Chemist “Chance Favors the Prepared Mind” - Spontaneous Generation 1864 Swan-necked Flask Ignored Spores Louis Pasteur

John Tyndall - Helped Pasteur Twice 1. Tyndall box Air 2. Tyndallization Method to sterilize heat sensitive materials Boil Incubate Boil Incubate Boil Sterile

Germ theory Pasteur – Wine disease Lady Montagu

Lady Montagu, 1718 Introduced variolation to England

Edward Jenner 1798 Smallpox vaccination

Ignaz Semmelweis, 1850 Asked Doctors to wash hands between patients

Robert Lister,1867 Introduced antiseptics to hospital

Robert Koch Anthrax Koch’s postulates

Koch’s Postulates 1. Suspected pathogen always present in diseased animal 2. Isolated microorganism in pure culture 3. Re-inoculate healthy organism with pure culture and cause disease 4. Re-isolate the pathogen in pure culture Began the Concept of “Guinea Pig”? Lead to Discovery of the Cause of Tuberculosis

Chicken Cholera Pasteur at his best? Attempted Koch’s postulates Used old (attenuated) cultures Re-inoculates Chicken Protective “Vaccine”

Pasteur’s Chicken Cholera Experiment 1 st Experiment Healthy Chickens Old Culture Fresh Culture Live ChickenDead Chickens 2 nd Experiment Attenuated Vaccinated Virulent

Rabies Vaccine Charles Chamberlain Filterable “Viruses” Farmer’s Cure? Dried Spinal Tissue Attenuated Virus? Joseph Meister First Rabies Vaccine

Antimicrobial Agents Paul Ehrlich Agent 606 Domagk - Prontosil Alexander Fleming Penicillin Alexander Fleming

Selman Waksman, 1942 Streptomycin Rutgers's Waksman Institute

Modern Molecular Microbiology Watson&Crick 1953

Kohler & Milstein Monoclonal Antibodies George Kohler Cesar Milstein

Boyer & Cohen Recombinant DNA

Woese & Fox Archaea – 1977 George Fox Carl Woese

Stanley Pruisner 1981 Prions

Genomics Kary Mullis – 1988 Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR – “DNA copying”

Craig Ventor & Hamilton Smith 1995 Bacterial Genome Human Genome 2000?

Ed Delong Marine Archaea Proteorhodopsin SAR

Metagenomics Craig Ventor

Microbiology Timeline

History Word List Antonio vanSemmelweisAttenuation LeeuwenhoekLister 1867Chamberlain 1684Robert KochViruses SpontaneousAnthrax 1876Alexander GenerationKoch’sFleming 1864Postulates1929 Louis PasteurTuberculosisWaksman Germ TheoryChickenWatson Lady MontaguCholeraCrick 1953 Jenner 1798Vaccine1975

George Kohler & Cesar Milstein, 1979 Monoclonal Antibodies Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer Recombinant DNA Carl Woese & George Fox, 1977 Archaea Stanley Pruisner, 1981 Prions Kary Mullins, 1988 PCR Craig Ventor & Hamilton Smith, 1995 Human Genome Project 2000 Word list 2