1. The History of Microbiology What is microbiology and how has this science come to be a specialized part of biology?
Microbiology as a Science
Organisms of study: bacteria, fungi, protozoans, algae, helminths, viruses
The Discovery of Cells
Anton Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke
The Cell Theory
Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
The Debate over Spontaneous Generation
Francesco Redi and rotten meat (1668)
Lazarro Spallazani and chicken broth (1765)
Pasteur and swan-necked flasks (1861)
Tyndall and Sterility
The Golden Age of Microbiology ( )
Fermentation and Pasteurization
Germ Theory of Disease (Koch)
Vaccines (Edward Jenner)
Developments in the 20th Century
Salvarsan for syphilis, sulfa drugs
Antibiotics (penicillin in 1928 by Fleming)
Discovery of viruses
Molecular biology and DNA technology
Microbes in the Environment; Bioremediation
Sub-disciplines of microbiology
The study of microbiology came into being with the discovery of cells and disproving spontaneous generation.

2. Microorganisms in our lives
Food and Chemical Production
Learning about life
Disease
Decomposition & Spoilage

3. Leading Causes of Death in 1998*
United States Africa Southeast Asia
1. Heart disease
2. Stroke
3. Cancer
4. Resp. infections
5. Accidents
6. Diabetes
7. Suicide
8. Liver disease
1. AIDS/HIV
2. Resp. infections
3. Diarrheal diseases
4. Perinatal conditions
5. Strokes
6. Heart disease
7. Accidents
1. Heart disease
2. Resp. infections
3. Diarrheal diseases
4. Stroke
5. Perinatal conditions
6. Tuberculosis
7. AIDS/HIV
*Infectious diseases caused by microbes are highlighted in red

4. Three Domain System of Classification
Bacteria
Eucarya
“Extreme” bacteria that live in high
salt, hot water,
acid, or alkali
(unusual “bacteria”)
Soil bacteria
Water bacteria
Disease bacteria
Photosynthetic bacteria
Plants Animals
Fungi Protists
All living things

5. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-17330

6. Leeuwenhoek’s microscope

7. Leeuwenhoek discovers “animalcules” in 1670

8. Robert Hooke’s microscope and light source

9. Robert Hooke discovers “boxes” in cork

10. Spontaneous generation: Francisco Redi’s experiments in 1668
Maggots develop spontaneously on meat?
Box uncovered Box covered with cheesecloth

11. Disproving Spontaneous Generation: Lazzaro Spallanzani ~1750
Microbes develop spontaneously in chicken broth?
Chicken broth Sealed in flask Boiled No growth

12. Pasteur disproves spontaneous generation conclusively in 1861

13. Pasteur’s Swan-necked flask experiment

14. Tyndall (1820-1893) Showed That Some Infusions Had to Be Boiled Longer than in Pasteur’s Experiments
Tyndall’s apparatus showing that air without
dust grows no microbes.

15. Cell Theory Developed by Virchow, Schleiden, Schwann and Pasteur
1. All living things are made of one or more cells
2. All existing cells arise from pre-existing cells (biogenesis)

16. Semmelweis introduces hand-washing to reduce puerperal fever in 1840

17. Pasteur describes fermentation and invents pasteurization in 1864

18. Lister uses phenol as an antiseptic to control infections in 1860

19. Germs Cause Disease: Koch’s Postulates to prove causation

20. Jenner demonstrates effectiveness of vaccination with cowpox in 1796

21. Paul Ehrlich discovers first chemotherapeutic agent (salvarsan) in 1910

22. Alexander Fleming discovers first antibiotic in 1928

23. James Watson and Francis Crick work out DNA structure in 1952

24. DNA technology: food, medicines, environmental cleanup

25. Biofilm growing on a medical implant
Microbial Ecology How do microbes grow in nature? How does this information pertain to controlling or fostering growth?
Biofilm growing on a medical implant

26. Bioremediation How can we utilize the abilities of microbes in cleaning up our messes?

27. Modern Branches of Microbiology
Virology
Viruses
Bacteriology
Bacteria
Parasitology
Protozoans & animal
parasitic worms
Rabies virus
Staph. aureus
Epidemiology
Disease transmission
Trypanosoma
Immunology
Resistance to disease
Mycology
Fungal diseases
Macrophage
Ebola Virus
Aspergillis

28. The History of Microbiology What is microbiology and how has this science come to be a specialized part of biology?
Microbiology as a Science
Organisms of study: bacteria, fungi, protozoans, algae, helminths, viruses
The Discovery of Cells
Anton Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke
The Cell Theory
Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
The Debate over Spontaneous Generation
Francesco Redi and rotten meat (1668)
Lazarro Spallazani and chicken broth (1765)
Pasteur and swan-necked flasks (1861)
Tyndall and Sterility
The Golden Age of Microbiology ( )
Fermentation and Pasteurization
Germ Theory of Disease (Koch)
Vaccines (Edward Jenner)
Developments in the 20th Century
Salvarsan for syphilis, sulfa drugs
Antibiotics (penicillin in 1928 by Fleming)
Discovery of viruses
Molecular biology and DNA technology
Microbes in the Environment; Bioremediation
Sub-disciplines of microbiology
The study of microbiology came into being with the discovery of cells and disproving spontaneous generation.